Izuka rya Yesu: N’ukuri cyangwa N’ibihimbano?.

Mubihe byacu bigezweho, by’abize, rimwe na rimwe twibaza niba imyizerere gakondo, cyane cyane iy’ibyerekeranye na Bibiliya, ari imyizerere mibi itajyanye n’igihe. Bibiliya ivuga ibitangaza byinshi, ariko birashoboka ko ikidasanzwe ari inkuru ya pasika y’izuka rya Yesu Kristo mu bapfuye nyuma yo kubambwa ku musaraba.

Haba hari ibimenyetso byumvikana byo kuzirikana iyi nkuru ya Yesu wazutse mu bapfuye? Igitangaje kuri benshi, hashobora gukorwa urubanza rukomeye ko izuka rya Yesu ryabaye kandi ibi bimenyetso bishingiye ku mateka, ntabwo bishingiye ku myizerere ishingiye ku idini.

Iki kibazo gikwiye iperereza ryitondewe kuko bigira ingaruka mu buzima bwacu. N’ubundi kandi, twese tuzapfa, hatitawe ku mafaranga, amashuli, ubuzima n’izindi ntego twageraho mubuzima. Niba Yesu yaratsinze urupfu noneho bitanga ibyiringiro nyabyo imbere y’urupfu rwacu rwegereje. Reka turebe amakuru y’ingenzi y’amateka n’ibimenyetso byerekana izuka rye.

Inkomoko y’Amateka ya Yesu: Tacitus na Josephus

Kuba Yesu yarabayeho kandi agapfira ku karubanda byahinduye inzira y’amateka byanze bikunze. Umuntu ntagomba kureba Bibiliya kugirango abigenzure. Amateka y’isi yandika byinshi kuri Yesu n’ingaruka yagize ku isi y’igihe cye. Reka turebe bibiri. Guverineri w’Abaroma w’umunyamateka Tacitus yavuze kuri Yesu ubwo yandikaga uburyo Umwami w’Abaroma Nero yishe abakristu bo mu kinyejana cya 1 (muri AD 65), abo Nero yashinjaga ko batwitse Roma. Dore ibyo Tacitus yanditse muri 112 nyuma ya Yesu:

‘Nero .. yakoreye iyicarubozo ry’indengakamere, abantu bitwaga abakristu, banzwe kubera ukwemera bwabo. Christus washinze iryo zina, yishwe na Pontius Pilato, umushinjacyaha wa Yudeya ku ngoma ya Tiberiyo; kubw’imyemerere y’ubupfumu, kwigomeka kw’igihe kirekire kwongeye kwaduka, atari muri Yudaya gusa, aho byatangiriye gukwirakwirizwa, ahubwo byakomereje no mu mujyi w’i Roma ’ Tacitus. Annals XV. 44

Tacitus yemeza ko Yesu yari: 1) umuntu w’amateka; 2) yishwe na Pontius Pilato; 3) bitarenze 65 nyuma ya Yesu (igihe cya Nero) kwizera kwa gikristo kwakwiriye hakurya y’inyanja ya Mediterane kuva Yudaya ukagera i Roma n’umuvuduko mwinshi kuburyo umwami wa Roma yumvaga agomba guhangana nabyo. Urabona ko hano Tacitus abivuga nk’umutangabuhamya utari ubishyigikiye kuko we yabonaga iyo nkundura ya Yesu yatangije kuko yayitaga ‘imyemerere y’ubupfumu’. Arayirwanya, ariko ntahakana amateka yayo.

Josephus yari umuyobozi w’ingabo z’Abayahudi n’umunyamateka wandikiraga Abaroma mu kinyejana cya mbere. Yashyize mu ncamake amateka y’Abayahudi kuva yatangira kugeza mugihe cye. Mugukora ibyo, yanditse ku gihe n’umwuga wa Yesu muri aya magambo:

‘Muri iki gihe hari umunyabwenge … Yesu. … mwiza, kandi w’imico myiza…. Abantu benshi bakomoka mu Bayahudi no mu bindi bihugu bahindutse abigishwa be. Pilato yamuciriye iteka ryo kubambwa no gupfa. Kandi ababaye abigishwa be ntibaretse inyigisho ze. Batangaje ko yabigaragarije nyuma y’iminsi itatu abambwe kandi ko yari muzima ’ Josephus. 90 nyuma ya Yesu. Antiquities xviii. 33

Josephus yemeza ko: 1) Yesu yabayeho, 2) Yari umwigisha w’idini, 3) Abigishwa be batangaje ku mugaragaro izuka rya Yesu mu bapfuye. Birasa nkaho rero muri ibyo byagaragaye kera ko urupfu rwa Kristo rwabaye ikintu kizwi cyane kandi n’izuka rye ryakwirakwijwe ku isi y’Abagereki n’Abaroma n’abigishwa be.

Imvo n’imvano y’amateka – yo muri Bibiliya

Luka, umuganga n’umunyamateka atanga ibisobanuro birambuye by’ukuntu uku kwizera kwateye imbere ku isi ya kera. Dore igice cye mu Byakozwenintumwa muri Bibiliya:

‘Abayobozi b’amadini n’umutware w’abirinzi b’ingoro … baza kuri Petero na Yohana … Barakaye cyane kuko intumwa zigishaga abantu zibabwira izuka ry’abapfuye kubwa Yesu…Bafashe Petero na Yohana … babashyira mu nzu y’imbohe…Babonye ubutwari bwa Petero na Yohana bamenye ko batize amashuri, kandi bari abagabo basanzwe, baratangaye bati… “Turakora iki kuri aba bagabo?”. ’Ibyakozwenintumwa 4: 1-16 (63 AD)

‘ Nuko umutambyi mukuru na bagenzi be bose, … yafashe intumwa azishyira mu nzu y’imbohe rusange. … bararakaye bashaka kuzica….Binjiza intumwa kandi bazikubita. Hanyuma bazitegeka kutavuga mu izina rya Yesu, bakabareka bakagenda.’ Ibyakozwenintumwa 5: 17-40

Turabona ko abayobozi bakoze ibishoboka byose kugirango bahagarike iyi myizerere mishya. Izi mpaka zambere zabereye i Yeruzalemu – umujyi umwe aho ibyumweru bike gusa mbere yuko Yesu yicwa ku mugaragaro agashyingurwa.

Duhereye kuri aya makuru y’amateka twashobora gukora iperereza ku izuka dupima ubundi buryo bushoboka bwose hanyuma tukareba icyumvikana cyane – hatabaye kugendera ‘ ku kwizera ’ izuka ry’igitangaza.

Umubiri wa Yesu n’imva

Dufite ubundi buryo bubiri gusa bwerekeye umubiri wa Kristo wapfuye. Haba ko imva yari irimo ubusa kuri Pasika ku cyumweru mugitondo cyangwa yari ikirimo umubiri we. Nta yandi mahitamo.

Reka dufate ko umurambo we wagumye mu mva. Mugihe dutekereje kubintu byabayeho mumateka, ariko, duhita duhura ningorane. Kuki abayobozi b’Abaroma n’Abayahudi i Yeruzalemu bagomba gufata ingamba zikaze zo guhagarika inkuru z’izuka niba umurambo wari ukiri mu mva, barwanya ko abigishwa’ gutangariza rubanda ko yavuye mu bapfuye? Niba umubiri wa Yesu wari ukiri mu mva byari kuba ibintu byoroshye ko abayobozi bakora akarasisi bagaragaza umubiri wa Kristo imbere ya buri wese. Ibi byari gutesha agaciro iyi nkundura twe batiriwe bafunga, ngo bakore iyicarubozo hanyuma amaherezo ngo babicire ukwemera kwabo. Kandi ibande ku – bihumbi byahinduwe kugirango byemere izuka ry’umubiri wa Yesu i Yeruzalemu muri iki gihe. Iyaba nari umwe mu bantu bumvaga Petero, nibaza niba nshobora kwizera ubutumwa bwe budasanzwe (nyuma ya byose, byaje kuzamo gutotezwa) nibura nari gufata ikiruhuko cyanjye cya sasita nkajya ku mva maze ngo nirebere n’amaso yanjye niba umurambo we wari ukirimo. Iyo umubiri wa Kristo wari kuba ukiri mu mva iyi nkundura ntiyari kubona abayoboke mu bihe nk’ibyo kandi hari ibimenyetso bifatika bibahakanya. Umubiri wa Kristo rero niba warasigaye mu mva uganisha ku busa. Ntabwo byumvikana.

Baba abigishwa baribye umurambo?

Nibyo, hari ibindi bisobanuro bishoboka ko imva yari kuba irimo ubusa usibye izuka. Ariko, ibisobanuro byose byerekana ibura ry’umubiri bigomba no kwita kuri aya makuru: ikirango cy’Abaroma cyari hejuru y’imva, irondo ry’Abaroma ririnda imva, ibuye rinini (hagati ya toni 1-2) ritwikiriye ubwinjiriro bw’imva, ibiro 40 by’ibyakoreshejwe mu kurinda umurambo. Urutonde rurakomeza. Umwanya ntutwemerera kureba ibintu byose hamwe n’ibyabaye kugirango dusobanure iby’ukubura k’umubiri, ariko ibisobanuro byishingikirijwe cyane bivuga ko abigishwa ubwabo bibye umurambo mu mva, bawuhisha ahantu runaka kugirango bashobore kuyobya abandi.

Dufate iki kintu, twirinda impaka zimwe zavamo ibibazo byo gusobanura uburyo itsinda ry’abigishwa bacitse intege bahungisha ubuzima bwabo mugihe Yesu yafatwaga, byari gushoboka gute kongera guterana no gucura umugambi wo kwiba umurambo, bagaca rwose k’umurinzi w’Abaroma. Bahise bamena ikirango, bimura urutare runini, maze basohokana n’umubiri wuzuye – bose nta nkomere (kuva bose barakomeje kuba abatangabuhamya kuka rubanda). Reka dufate ko bashoboye kubikora neza hanyuma bose binjira ku rwego rw’isi kugirango batangire kwemera bashingiye ku buriganya bwabo. Benshi muri twe muri iki gihe bakeka ko icyashishikarije abigishwa aruko bifuzaga kugaragaza ubuvandimwe n’urukundo mu bantu. Ariko usubiye inyuma ukareba ibyo Luka na Josephus bombi bavuze hanyuma urabona ko icyo bavugagaho cyari “intumwa zigishaga abantu kandi zitangaza izuka ry’abapfuye kubwa Yesu”. Iyi nsanganyamatsiko ni yo shingiro mu nyandiko zabo. Reba uburyo Pawulo indi ntumwa, agereranya akamaro k’izuka rya Kristo:
Kuko … Nanyuze kuri wowe ko Kristo yapfuye … arahambwa, ko yazutse ku munsi wa gatatu … yabonekeye Petero hamwe n’abandi cumi na babiri. Niba Kristo atari yarazutse, ivugabutumwa ryacu ntacyo ryaba rimaze … kwizera kwawe kwaba ubusa…Niba gusa kuri ubu buzima dufite ibyiringiro muri Kristo, tugomba kugirirwa impuhwe kurusha abantu bose…. Niba nararwanyije inyamaswa zo mu gasozi muri Efeso kubera impamvu z’abantu gusa, ni iki nabonyemo? Niba abapfuye batazutse – ‘Reka turye tunywe kuko ejo tuzapfa’….
I Abakorinto 15: 3-32 (57 AD

Ikigaragara ni uko mu bitekerezo byabo abigishwa bashingiye ku kamaro n’umuhamya bwabo kw’izuka rya Kristo mu rugendo rwabo. Dufate ko ibyo byari ibinyoma rwose – ko abo bigishwa bibye umubiri kugirango bahangane n’ibimenyetso ku butumwa bwabo bidashobora kubashyira ahagaragara. Bashobora noneho gushuka isi neza, ariko bo ubwabo bari kumenya ko ibyo babwirizaga, bandikaga no guteza imvururu zikomeye kandi ari ibinyoma. Nyamara batanze ubuzima bwabo (muburyo bugaragara) kubw’ubu butumwa. Kuki babikoze – Niba bari baziko ishingiro ryabyo ari ibinyoma? Abantu baha ubuzima bwabo bitewe nuko bizera impamvu barwana cyangwa kuko bategereje inyungu zimwe. Niba abigishwa baribye umurambo bakawuhisha, mubantu bose bari kumenya ko izuka atari ukuri. Tekereza ku magambo yabo igiciro abigishwa bishyuye cyo gukwirakwiza ubutumwa bwabo – hanyuma wibaze niba wishyura igiciro cy’umuntu ku kintu wari uzi ko ari ibinyoma:
Turagoswe cyane kumpande zose … ntitugoheka … turatotezwa, turakubitwa … turashengurwa… mu kwihangana gukomeye, mubibazo, ingorane, imibabaro, mugukubitwa, gufungwa n’imvururu, uburetwa kurara amajoro n’inzara … gukubitwa … umubabaro … ubukene … ubutindi… ..Inshuro eshanu abayahudi bankubise imikoba 39, inshuro eshatu nakubiswe ibyuma, natewe amabuye, inshuro eshatu narohamye mu bwato, … , nahuye n’imihengeri, nashyizwe mu mabandi, nahuye n’amakuba mu gihugu cyanjye, no mu banyamahanga, mu mujyi, mu gihugu, mu nyanja. Nakoze cyane kandi nkora uburetwa kandi akenshi naraye ntasinziriye, kubera inzara n’inyota… Nishwe n’imbeho kandi nambaye ubusa… Nagize intege nke kandi sinumva ko ndi umunyantege nke.
II Abakorinto 4: 8 – 6:10; 11: 24-29

Uko ngenda nita k’ubutwari butagabanuka mu buzima bwabo bwose (ntanumwe wacitse intege kumpera ngo ‘yemere icyaha’), niko mbona bidashoboka ko batemeraga byimazeyo ubutumwa bwabo. Ariko niba bari babyizeye rwose ntibashoboraga kuba baribye bakajugunya umubiri wa Kristo. Umunyamategeko ugenza ibyaha uzwi cyane, wigishije abanyeshuri b’amategeko i Harvard uburyo bwo gusuzuma intege nke mu batangabuhamya, yagize icyo avuga muri aya magambo ku bigishwa:

“ Amateka y’intambara za gisirikare ntashobora gutanga urugero rw’ubutwari budatezuka, kwihangana, n’ubutwari budacogora. Bari bafite impamvu zose zishoboka zo gusuzuma bitonze ishingiro ry’ukwemera kwabo, n’ibimenyetso by’ukuri gukomeye” Greenleaf. 1874. An examination of the Testimony of the Four Evangelists by the Rules of Evidence Administered in the Courts of Justice. p.29

Igifitanye isano nibi ni uguceceka kw’abarwanyaga abigishwa – Abayahudi cyangwa Abaroma. Aba ntibigeze bagerageza kuvuga cyane inkuru ya ‘nyayo’, cyangwa ngo berekane uburyo abigishwa babeshye. Nk’uko Dr. Montgomery avuga,

“Ibi bishimangira kwizerwa kw’ubuhamya ku izuka rya Kristo ryerekanywe mu masinagogi– imbere y’ababarwanyaga, mu banzi bari kubasenya muri urwo rubanza… iyaba ibyabaye byari ataribyo” Montgomery. 1975. Legal reasoning and Christian Apologetics. p.88-89

Ntabwo dufite umwanya wo gusuzuma buri gice cy’iki kibazo. Ariko, gutinyuka kutajegajega kw’abigishwa no guceceka kw’abayobozi b’iki gihe kuvuga byinshi ko koko Kristo yazutse, kandi ko bikwiye gufata akanya ko kubitekerezaho. Bumwe mu buryo bwo kubikora n’ukubyumva mu byanditswe muri Bibiliya. Ahantu heza ho gutangirira ni ku bimenyetso bya Aburahamu na Mose. Nubwo babayeho imyaka irenga igihumbi mbere ya Yesu, ibyababayeho byari uguhanura urupfu n’izuka rya Yesu.

Uwo ndiwe: Isomo nigiye mu kuba umuhungu w’umusinzi, w’imico mibi-w’umukire.

Ndashaka kubasangiza uburyo Ubutumwa bwiza bwambereye ubw’ubwagaciro, urugendo rwatewe na Salomo kubera gukurikirana umunezero n’ umutima we wose n’ubwenge kwe. Ibi biragufasha kurushaho gusobanukirwa kwihariye ku ngingo ziri kuri uru rubuga. (O amakuru y’ibanze … nitwa Ragnar Oborn kandi ntuye muri Canada. Ndubatse kandi mfite umwana w’umuhungu. Nize muri kaminuza ya Toronto, kaminuza ya New Brunswick na kaminuza ya Acadia).

Umunaniro mu rubyiruko rw’abakire

Navukiye mu muryango w’ifashije kandi w’abanyamwuga. Dukomoka muri Suwede, twimukiye muri Canada nkiri muto, hanyuma nkurira mu mahanga mu bihugu byinshi – Alijeriya, Ubudage na Kameruni, hanyuma nsubira muri Canada kwiga kaminuza. Kimwe n’abandi bose nashakaga (kandi ndacyashaka) kugirango mbone ubuzima bwuzuye – nishimye, nkagira amahoro, nkagira n’intego – hamwe no kugirana umubano n’abandi bantu.

Kuba muri sosiyete zitandukanye – izizera Imana n’iizizera muri science – no kuba umusomyi ubikunda, nahuye n’ibitekerezo bitandukanye kubijyanye no gusobanukirwa ‘ukuri’ n’icyo ubuzima‘ bwuzuye’ busobanuye Nabonye ko nubwo njye (kimwe n’abandi benshi mu burengerazuba) nari mfite ubutunzi butigeze bubaho, ikoranabuhanga n’amahirwe yo kugera kuri izo ntego, “ingorane” ni uko byasaga nkaho bitoroshye. Nabonye ko imibanire ntacyo yari ivuze kandi yari iy’igihe gito kuruta uw’ibisekuruza byashize. Amagambo nka ‘rat race’ agereranywa nko ‘kurushanwa’ yakoreshwaga mu gusobanura ubuzima bwacu. Nabwiwe ko niba dushobora kubona ‘inyongera’ noneho twari kumera neza. Ariko se iyo nyongera ingana ite? Kandi iyo nyongera ni iyihe? Amafaranga? Ubumenyi bwa siyansi? Ikoranabuhanga? Ibyishimo?

Nk’umusore numvaga mfite “guhangayika” aribyo byashobora gusobanurwa neza nk’umunaniro udasobanutse. Kubera ko data yari inzobere y’umu injeniyeli ukorera mu mahanga muri Afurika, nakundanye n’urundi rubyiruko rukize, rufite amahirwe kandi rwize. Ariko ubuzima bwari bworoheje cyane hari bike byadushimisha. Jye n’inshuti zanjye twari dufite inzozi zo gusubira mu bihugu byacu tukareba televiziyo, tukabona ibiryo byiza, amahirwe, hamwe n’imibereho myiza y’I burengerazuba – hanyuma tukumva twari ‘kunyurwa’. Ariko iyo nasuraga Canada cyangwa Uburayi, nyuma yo kwishima kwa kuruha byaragarukaga. Bikaba bibi kurushaho, kuko nabibonaga mu bantu bahatuye igihe cyose. Ibyo bari bafite byose (kandi byari byinshi ku gipimo kitagira urugero) buri gihe bari bagikeneye byinshi kurushaho. Natekereje ko nzabona ‘uwo munezero’ igihe narikuba mfite inshuti y’umukobwa w’icyamamare. Kandi mugihe gito ibi byasaga nkaho byuzuza ikintu muri njye, ariko nyuma y’amezi make wa muruho waragarutse. Natekereje igihe navaga mu mashuri yisumbuye ko nari ‘kubigeraho’… noneho nibwo nashoboraga kubona uruhushya rwo gutwara no kubona ubwigenge – noneho uko gushaka kwanjye kwari kuba kurangiye. Ubu aho maze gukura numva abantu bavuga ikiruhuko cy’izabukuru nk’itike yo kubona kunyurwa. Ni ibyo gusa se? Tumara ubuzima bwacu bwose twiruka ku kintu hanyuma tukiruka ku kindi, twibwira ko ikindi kizaza kizaduha kunyurwa, hanyuma … ubuzima bwacu bukarangira? Bigasa nkaho ari ubusa!

Ubwenge bwa Salomo

Muri iyi myaka inyandiko za Salomo zangizeho ingaruka nziza zikomeye. Salomo, umwami wa Isiraheli ya kera wari uzwiho kugira ubwenge, yanditse ibitabo byinshi mu Isezerano rya Kera. M’Umubwiriza, yasobanuye uyu munaniro nk’uwo nahuye nawo. Yanditse agira ati:

1Nibwiye mu mutima wanjye nti “Henga nkugeragereshe ibyishimo, nuko ishimire kugubwa neza.” Maze mbona ko na byo ari ubusa. 2Navuze ibyo guseka nti “Ni ubusazi”, n’iby’ibitwenge nti “Bimaze iki?” 3Nishatse mu mutima uko nakwishimisha umubiri wanjye vino, ariko ngo umutima wanjye ukomeze kunyoboza ubwenge, ngashaka n’uburyo nakora iby’ubupfapfa, kugira ngo menye icyo bumarira abantu babukorera munsi y’ijuru mu minsi bakiriho yose.4 Nikoreye imirimo ikomeye, niyubakiye amazu, nitereye inzabibu, 5nihingiye imirima, n’imirima y’uburabyo izitiwe, nyiteramo ibiti by’amoko yose y’imbuto ziribwa, 6nifukuriye amariba y’amazi, kugira ngo nyavomerere imirima yororerwamo ibiti. 7 niguriye abagaragu n’abaja babyarira abandi mu rugo rwanjye, kandi ngira ubutunzi bwinshi bw’amashyo y’inka n’imikumbi y’intama, ndusha abambanjirije i Yerusalemu bose. 8 Nirundaniriza ifeza n’izahabu, n’ubutunzi buherereye ku bami buvuye mu ntara zose, nishakiye abaririmbyi b’abagabo n’ab’abagore n’ibinezeza abantu, n’ibicurangwa by’uburyo bwose.9 Nuko ndakomera kandi ndusha abambanjirije i Yerusalemu bose kunguka, nkomeza n’ubwenge bwanjye.10Kandi sinimye amaso yanjye icyo yifuza cyose, nta n’umunezero wose nimye umutima wanjye, kuko umutima wanjye wishimiraga imirimo yanjye yose. Ibyo ni byo byari ingororano z’imirimo yanjye yose.
Umubwiriza 2: 1-10

Ubutunzi, ubwamamare, ubumenyi, imishinga, abagore, umunezero, ubwami, umwuga, vino… Salomo yari abifite byose – kandi birenze kurusha abandi bose bo mu gihe cye cyangwa icyacu. Ubwenge nk’ubwa Einstein, ubutunzi nk’ubwa Bill Gates, ubuzima bw’imibereho / ubuzima bw’imyororokere nk’ubwa Mick Jagger, hamwe n’igisekuru cya cyami nkik’igikomangoma William mu muryango w’ibwami bw’Ubwongereza – byose biteranije. Ninde ushobora kugira ibyo byose bishyizwe hamwe? Watekereza ko Salomo, mu bantu bose yari kunyurwa. Ariko yashoje agira ati:

UMUBWIRIZA 1

Amagambo y’Umubwiriza mwene Dawidi, umwami utuye i Yerusalemu.2Umubwiriza aravuga ati “Ubusa gusa! Nta kamaro! Byose ni ubusa!” 3Ibyo umuntu agokera byose akiri mu isi bimumarira iki? 4Abo ku ngoma imwe barashira hakaza abo ku yindi, ariko isi ihoraho iteka. 5Izuba na ryo rirarasa rikarenga, rikihutira gusubira aho rirasira. 6Umuyaga uhuha werekeye ikusi ugahindukirira ikasikazi uhora unyuranamo mu rugendo rwawo, kandi ugaruka kuzenguruka mu nzira zawo. 7Inzuzi zose zisuka mu nyanja, nyamara inyanja ntiyuzura. Aho inzuzi zinyura ni ho zisubira kunyura. 8Ibintu byose bifite umuruho mwinshi utavugwa: ijisho ntirihaga kurora, n’amatwi ntarambirwa kumva. 9Ibyahozeho ni byo bizongera kubaho, kandi ibyakozwe ni byo bizongera gukorwa, nta cyadutse munsi y’ijuru. 10Mbese hariho ikintu cyavugwa ngo “Dore iki ni inzaduka”? Na cyo cyahozeho kera mu bihe byariho mbere yacu. 11Ibya mbere ntibicyibukwa, n’ibizaza hanyuma na byo abazakurikiraho ntibazabyibuka.Ubwenge na bwo nta kamaro12Jyewe Umubwiriza, nari umwami wa Isirayeli i Yerusalemu. 13Nakomeje umutima wanjye gushaka no kugenzurisha ubwenge, kugira ngo menye iby’ibintu byose bikorerwa munsi y’ijuru, n’umuruho mubi Imana yahaye abantu ngo bawuruhe.14Nabonye imirimo yose ikorerwa munsi y’ijuru, kandi mbona byose ari ubusa, ni nko kwiruka inyuma y’umuyaga.
Umubwiriza 1: 1-14

11Maze nitegereje imirimo yose y’amaboko yanjye n’imiruho yose niruhije nkora, nsanga byose ari ubusa, ari nko kwiruka inyuma y’umuyaga, kandi nta gifite umumaro kiri munsi y’ijuru.12Nisubiramo ngo ndebe ubwenge n’ubusazi n’ubupfapfa. Mbese uzasimbura umwami azabasha gukora iki? Keretse ibisanzwe bikorwa. 13Nuko mbona ko ubwenge buruta ubupfapfa nk’uko umucyo uruta umwijima. 14Amaso y’umunyabwenge ari mu mutwe we, na we umupfapfa agenda mu mwijima atabona, nyamara nabonye ko amaherezo ya bose ari amwe. 15Ni ko kwibwira mu mutima nti “Ibiba ku mupfapfa ni byo bizambaho. None se kumurusha ubwenge byamariye iki?” Ni ko kwibwira mu mutima nti “Ibyo na byo ni ubusa.” 16Erega umunyabwenge ameze nk’umupfapfa, na we ntiyibukwa iteka, kuko mu bihe bizaza bose bazaba bibagiranye. Erega umunyabwenge na we apfa nk’umupfapfa! 17Ni ko kwanga ubugingo, kuko imirimo ikorerwa munsi y’ijuru yamereye nabi. Byose ni ubusa, ni nko kwiruka inyuma y’umuyaga.18Maze nanga imiruho yanjye yose naruhiye munsi y’ijuru, kuko nzayisigira umuntu uzansimbura. 19Kandi ni nde uzi yuko azaba umunyabwenge cyangwa umupfapfa? Nyamara azategeka imirimo yanjye yose nakoze, ngaragarizamo ubwenge munsi y’ijuru. Ibyo na byo ni ubusa. 20Ni cyo cyatumye nisubiramo, ngahebya umutima wanjye ku miruho yanjye yose naruhiye munsi y’ijuru, 21kuko habaho umuntu ukorana ubwenge no kumenya n’ubuhanga, nyamara azabisigira utabiruhiye, bibe umurage we. Ibyo na byo ni ubusa, ni ibibi bikomeye. 22None se umuntu akura iki mu miruho ye yose, no mu byo umutima we washishikariye munsi y’ijuru? 23 Kuko iminsi ye yose ari agahinda,n’imiruho ye ari ishavu, ndetse na nijoro umutima we nturuhuka. Ibyo na byo ni ubusa.
Umubwiriza 2: 11-23

Biragoye kugira umunezero! Muri imwe mu bisigo bye, indirimbo y’indirimbo, yandika k’urukundo rw’ihabara, rushyushye yari afite – ikintu gisa nkaho gishobora gutanga umunezero mu buzima. Ariko mu mpera, urwo rukundo ntirwamuhaye kunyurwa birambye.

Aho narebye hose, haba mu nshuti zanjye cyangwa muri sosiyete, byasaga nkaho gukurikirana ubuzima buhebuje kwa Salomo aribyo byarimo kugeragezwa. Ariko yari amaze kumbwira ko atabonye muri izo nzira. Numvise rero ko ntazawusanga aho kandi nkeneye kugendera mu yindi nzira itagendwamo cyane.

Nkurikije ibi bibazo byose nasanze narabangamiwe n’ikindi gice cy’ubuzima. Kandi na Salomo nawe nibyo byamubayeho

19Kuko ikiba ku bantu ari cyo kiba no ku nyamaswa, ikibibaho ni kimwe, nk’uko bapfa ni ko zipfa. Ni ukuri byose bihumeka kumwe, umuntu nta cyo arusha inyamaswa kuko byose ari ubusa. 20Byose bijya hamwe, byose byavuye mu mukungugu kandi byose bizawusubiramo. 21Ni nde uzi yuko umwuka w’umuntu uzamuka ukajya hejuru, kandi akamenya yuko uw’inyamaswa umanuka ukajya mu butaka?” uw’inyamaswa
Umubwiriza 3: 19-21

Wudi Aleni (Woody Allen) na Salomo

Urupfu niwo muhero wa nyuma rwose kandi twese rutugeraho ntashiti. Nkuko Salomo yabivuze, ni iherezo ry’abantu bose, baba beza cyangwa babi, abanyamadini cyangwa abataribo. Wudi Aleni yayoboye kandi asohora firime “You will meet A tall Dark Stranger”. Ni uburyo busekeje / bukomeye bwo gusobanukirwa urupfu. Mu kiganiro cya “Cannes Film Festival” yerekanye ibitekerezo bye kubyerekeye urupfu mu mvugo izwimo gutebya.

“Umubano wanjye n’urupfu ntujya uhinduka – Ndarwanga cyane. Icyo nshobora gukora ni ukurutegereza. Nta nyungu yo gusaza – ntiwiyungura ubwenge, ntiwiyongera ubushishozi, ntushobora kwiyongera uko uvuga, ntushobora kurushaho kuba umugwaneza – ntakintu kiba. Ariko umugongo wawe urababara cyane, ugira ibibazo byinshi by’urwungano ngogozi, amaso yawe ntakomeza kubona neza kandi ukenera ubwunganizi mu kumva. Gusaza ni ikintu kibi kandi nakugira inama yo kudasaza niba ushobora kubyirinda.” [1]

Nyuma yashoje avuga uburyo umuntu agomba guhangana n’ubuzima bitewe kuko ntaho wahungira urupfu.

“ Umuntu agomba kugira uburiganya bwo kubaho. Iyo urebye ubuzima muburyo bw’ukuri kandi bugaragara, ubuzima ntibushobora kwihanganirwa kuko bushaririye. Ibi niko mbibona kandi ninako byahoze ku kuntu mbonamo ubuzima – Mfite ishusho mbi cyane, “ibona nabi” ubuzima… Numva ko [ ubuzima ] bubi, bubabaza, butera inzozi mbi, busiga urwibutso rubi kandi ko inzira yonyine ushobora kwishima ari uko wibwira ibinyoma bimwe kandi ubizi neza ko wishuka.”

None se ayo niyo mahitamo dufite gusa? Ushatse wahitamo inzira iboneye ya Salomo icanye ukubiri no kwiheba rwose no kutagira agaciro, cyangwa iyo Wudi Aleni yahisemo yo ‘ nibwire ibinyoma bimwe kandi nishuke’ kugirango nshobore kubaho mw’isi yo ‘ kwishuka’? Ntanimwe muri zo ishimishije. Igifitanye isano rya hafi n’urupfu ni ubuzima buhoraho. Ese koko ijuru ribaho, cyangwa (mu buryo buteye ubwoba) mu byukuri hazabaho urubanza rw’iteka– Ikuzimu?

Mu mwaka wanjye wa nyuma w’amashuri yisumbuye twagize inshingano yo gukusanya ibitabo ijana (ibisigo, indirimbo, inkuru ngufi n’ibindi). Nyuma yaho, Ibyinshi mubyo nabashije kwegeranya bayvugaga kuri ibyo bibazo kandi byambereye imbarutso yo ‘guhura’ no kumva ko n’abandi benshi nabo bahanganye n’ibi bibazo. Kandi nabashije guhura nabo – kuva mubihe byose, abafite ubumenyi butandukanye, n’abafite filozofiya y’ubuzima kandi n’ibitsina bitandukanye.

Ivanjili – Witegure kubitekerezaho

Nashyizemo kandi bimwe mu byakunze kuvugwa na Yesu byanditswe mu ivanjiri ya Bibiliya nka:

10Umujura ntazanwa n’ikindi keretse kwiba no kwica no kurimbura, ariko jyeweho nazanywe no kugira ngo zibone ubugingo, ndetse ngo zibone bwinshi.
Yohana 10: 10

Byangumyemo nti wenda, birashoboka, dore igisubizo cy’ibibazo nibazaga. Erega burya, ubutumwa bwiza (bwari bwarabaye ijambo ry’amadini ridafite ubusobanuro cyangwa ridafite ishingiro) risobanura gusa ‘inkuru nziza’. Ese ubutumwa bwiza bwari inkuru nziza koko? Cyangwa byari amabwire gusa? Kugira ngo nsobanukirwe neza nagombaga kunyura inzira ebyiri. Iya mbere, nari nkeneye gutangira gusobanukirwa neza Ubutumwa bwiza. Iya kabiri, kuba narabaye mu mico itandukanye y’amadini, nari narabashije guhura n’abantu kandi nsoman’iby’abanditsi bumvaga ukundi iby’ Ubutumwa bwiza bwa Bibiliya bavuze. Aba bari abanyabwenge kandi bafite ubumenyi buhagije. Nari nkeneye gutekereza cyane ku Ivanjili, ntarinze kunegura gusa cyangwa umwizeramana udafite icyo azi.

Hariho imyumvire nyayo ivuga ko iyo umuntu atangiye urwo rugendo umuntu atigera arusoza rwose, ariko nabashije kumenya ko Ubutumwa bwiza butanga ibisubizo kuri ibyo bibazo Salomo yari yagaragaje. Ni ingingo ndende mubyukuri gugirango bisobanuke – ubuzima bwuzuye, urupfu, ubuziraherezo, hamwe n’impungenge zifatika nk’urukundo mu mibanire mu muryango wacu, icyaha, ubwoba no kubabarira. Icyifuzo cy’Ubutumwa Bwiza ni uko ari umusingi dushobora kubakiraho ubuzima bwacu. Umuntu ntashobora byanze bikunze gukunda ibisubizo byatanzwe n’Ivanjili, umuntu ntashobora kubyemera cyangwa ngo abyizere, ariko kubera ko ivuga kuri ibi bibazo by’abantu cyane byaba ari ubupfu gukomeza kubyirengagiza.

Nize kandi ko Ubutumwa bwiza rimwe na rimwe bwatumye bitanyorohera. Mugihe byinshi bidushukashuka ngo tubifate byoroshye, Ubutumwa bwiza ntakwisegura bwakomanze umutima ubwenge, roho n’imbaraga byange kuburyo nubwo butanga Ubuzima, ntabwo bworoshye. Iyo ufashe umwanya wo kumva Ubutumwa bwiza ushobora kubibona kimwe nanjye. Ahantu heza ho gutangirira nukureba interuro imwe y’ingenzi itanga ishusho y’ubutumwa bwiza.

Kuki Imana Nziza yaremye Sekibi??

Bibiliya ivuga ko sekibi ( cyangwa Satani ) muburyo bw’inzoka yashutse Adamu na Eva bagakora ibyaha kandi ikazana kugwa kwabo. Ariko ibi bitera kwibaza ikibazo cy’ingenzi: Kuki Imana yaremye ‘ ikibi ’ satani ( bivuze ‘ umwanzi ’ ) kugirango yonone ibyo yaremye byiza?

Lusiferi – Uhebuje

Bibiliya ivuga ko Imana yaremye umwuka ukomeye, ufite ubwenge, kandi mwiza wari umutware mu bamarayika bose. Yiswe Lusiferi (bisobanura ‘Uhebuje’) – kandi yari mwiza cyane. Ariko Lusiferi nawe yari afite ubushake ashobora kwihitiramo. Igice muri Yesaya 14 cyanditseho amahitamo yari afite.

12 “Wa nyenyeri yo mu ruturuturu we, mwana w’umuseke ko uvuye mu ijuru, ukagwa! Uwaneshaga amahanga ko baguciye bakakugeza ku butaka! 13 Waribwiraga uti ‘Nzazamuka njye mu ijuru nkuze intebe yanjye y’ubwami isumbe inyenyeri z’Imana’, kandi uti ‘Nzicara ku musozi w’iteraniro mu ruhande rw’impera y’ikasikazi,
Yesaya 14: 12-14

Lusiferi, kimwe na Adamu, yahuye n’amahitamo. Yashoboraga kwemera ko Imana yari Imana cyangwa agahitamo ko yaba imana ubwe. Gukomeza kuvuga kwe ati “Jyewe nza” yerekana ko yahisemo gusuzugura Imana no gutangaza ko ari ‘ usumba byose’. Igice cyo muri Ezekiyeli gitanga inkuru ibangikanye yo kugwa kwa Lusiferi:

13Wahoze muri Edeni ya ngobyi y’Imana, umwambaro wawe wari ibuye ryose ry’igiciro cyinshi, odemu na pitida na yahalomu, na tarushishi na shohamu na yasipi, na safiro na nofekina na bareketi n’izahabu, ubuhanga bwo kubaza amashako n’imyironge bwari iwawe, mu munsi waremwemo byose byari biringaniye. 14Wari warasīgiwe kugira ngo ube umukerubi utwikīra, kandi nagushyizeho kugira ngo ube ku musozi wera w’Imana, wagendagenderaga hagati y’amabuye yaka umuriro. 15Wari utunganye bihebuje mu nzira zawe zose uhereye umunsi waremweho, kugeza igihe wabonetsweho gukiranirwa. 16Wuzuyemo urugomo ruzanywe n’ubugenza bwawe bwinshi bugutera gucumura, ni cyo cyatumye nkwirukana nk’uwanduye nkagukura ku musozi w’Imana. Narakurimbuye wa mukerubi utwikīra we, ngukura hagati ya ya mabuye yaka umuriro. 17Ubwiza bwawe ni bwo bwateye umutima wawe kwishyira hejuru, kubengerana kwawe ni ko kononnye ubwenge bwawe,nakujugunye hasi ngutangariza imbere y’abami kugira ngo bakwitegereze.
Ezekiyeli 28: 13-17

Ubwiza bwa Lusiferi, ubwenge n’imbaraga – ibintu byiza byose yaremanywe n’Imana – byatumye agira ubwibone. Ubwibone bwe bwatumye yigomeka, ariko ntabwo yigeze atakaza imbaraga n’ubushobozi bwe. Ubu ayoboye imyigaragambyo y’isi mu kurwanya Umuremyi we kugirango abone uzaba Imana. Amayeri ye kwari ugusaba abantu kwifatanya nawe – mu kubagerageza guhitamo kimwe mubyo nawe yakoze – kwikunda, kwigenga ku Mana, no kuyisuzugura. Umutima w’igeragezwa ry’ubushake bwa Adamu wari umwe na Lusiferi; gusa nuko byakozwe mu buryo butandukanye. Nuko bombi bahitamo kuba ‘imana’ ubwabo.

Satani – akora binyuze mubandi

Igice cya Yesaya cyerekejwe ku‘Umwami wa Babiloni ’ kandi igice cya Ezekiyeli cyandikiwe ‘ Umwami wa Tiro’. Ariko mubisobanuro byatanzwe, biragaragara ko ntamuntu uvugwa. “Jyewe nza” muri Yesaya asobanura umuntu wajugunywe ku isi mu gihano azira gushaka gushyira intebe ye hejuru y’Imana. Ezekiyeli avuga ‘umurinzi w’abamarayika ’ wigeze kwimukira muri Edeni no ku ‘musozi w’Imana ’. Satani (cyangwa Lusiferi ) akenshi yihisha inyuma cyangwa agakoresha abandi. Mu Itangiriro avuga abinyujije mu nzoka. Muri Yesaya akoresha Umwami wa Babiloni, no muri Ezekiyeli yigarurira Umwami wa Tiro.

Kuki Lusiferi yigometse ku Mana?

Ariko kuki Lusiferi yifuza guhangana na Rurema ufite imbaraga zose kandi uzi byose? Igice cyo kuba ‘ umunyabwenge ’ ni ukumenya niba ushobora gutsinda uwo muhanganye cyangwa udashobora gutsinda. Lusiferi ashobora kugira imbaraga, ariko ibyo ntibyaba bihagije gutsinda Umuremyi we. Kuki yemeye kubura byose ku kintu adashobora gutsinda? Natekereza ko umumarayika w’‘umunyabwenge ’ yaba yaramenye aho agarukira mu kurwanya Imana – agahagarika kwigomeka kwe. None se kuki atabikoze? Iki kibazo cyanteye urujijo imyaka myinshi.

Hanyuma naje gusobanukirwa ko Lusiferi ashobora kwizera gusa ko Imana ari Umuremyi wayo ukomeye cyane kubwo kwizera – kimwe natwe. Bibiliya yerekana ko abamarayika baremwe mu cyumweru cyo kurema. urugero, igice cyo muri Yobu kiratubwira:

Nuko Uwiteka asubiriza Yobu muri serwakira ati
“Wari uri he igihe nubakaga urufatiro rw’isi?
Mbwira, niba ubyumva….
mugihe inyenyeri zo mu gitondo zaririmbiye hamwe
kandi abamarayika bose bakaririmba mu ijwi ry’ibyishimo?
Yobu 38: 1-7

Ibaze igihe Lusiferi yaremwaga kandi ikagira ubwenge mu cyumweru cyo kurema, ahantu runaka mu isanzure. Icyo azi ni uko ubu abaho kandi arisobanukiwe, kandi nanone ko hari ikindi kintu kivuga ko cyamuremye we n’isanzure. Ariko Lusiferi yamenye ate ko ibi ari ukuri? Ahari, uyu witwa ‘ umuremyi ’ yaje kubaho mu nyenyeri mbere gato yuko Lusoferi abaho. Kandi kubera ko uyu ‘ umuremyi ’ yageze kare aho byabereye, yari ( ahari ) akomeye cyane kandi (wenda)yari afite ubumenyi burenze – ariko rero biranashoboka ko byaba atari byo. Birashoboka ko we na ‘rurema’ bombi bari babereyeho icyarimwe. Lusiferi yashoboraga kwakira Ijambo ry’Imana gusa ko yamuremye kandi ko Imana ubwayo yari uhoraho kandi itagira iherezo. Mu bwibone bwe yahisemo ahubwo kwizerera mu byifuzo bye.

Birashoboka ko bisa nkaho biri kure cyane ko Lusiferi yizera ko we n’Imana (hamwe n’abandi bamarayika) ‘ babayeho’ gutyo gusa. Ariko iki ni igitekerezo kimwe cy’ibanze cyihishe inyuma y’imitekerereze igezweho muri “cosimolojiya”. Hariho ihindagurika ry’isi yari ubusa, hanyuma muri uku guhindagurika havutse isanzure – ni ryo shingiro ry’ibitekerezo bigezweho ku kubaho kw’isi. Mu ishingiro, abantu bose – kuva kuri Lusiferi kugeza kuri Richard Dawkins na Stephen Hawkings no kuri wowe na njye – tugomba guhitamo kwizera niba isanzure ryarikoze ryo ubwaryo cyangwa ryarakozwe kandi rikomezwa n’Imana Rurema.

Mu yandi magambo, kubona si ko kwizera. Lusiferi yaba yarabonye kandi aganira n’Imana. Ariko kandi yari gukomeza kwemera ‘kubwo kwizera ’ Imana yamuremye. Abantu benshi bavuga ko Imana ‘yigaragaje’ kuri bo noneho bakwizera. Ariko muri Bibiliya abantu benshi babonye kandi bumva Imana – ariko ntibazirikana ijambo ryayo. Ikibazo cyari ukumenya niba bazemera kandi bakizera Ijambo ryayo ku bwayo na bo ubwabo. Kuva kuri Adamu na Eva, kugeza kuri Gahini na Abeli, kugeza kuri Nowa, kugeza ku Banyamisiri kuri Pasika ya mbere, kugeza kub’Isiraheli bambuka inyanja Itukura – ndetse no kubabonye ibitangaza bya Yesu – ‘kubona ’ ntabwo byigeze bituma bizera. Kugwa kwa Lusiferi rero bihuye nibi.

Ni iki Sekibi akora uyu munsi?

Dukurikije Bibiliya, Imana ntiyigeze irema ‘sekibi’, ariko yaremye malayika ukomeye kandi ufite ubwenge. Bitewe n’ubwibone yatangije kwigomeka ku Mana – mu kubigenza atyo yahise avumwa, mu gihe yagumanye, ubwiza bwe bw’agahebuzo. Wowe, njye, n’abantu bose turi muri uru rugamba ruri hagati y’Imana na ‘umwanzi ’ wayo (sekibi). Amayeri ya satani ntabwo ari ukuzenguruka yambaye imyenda y’umukara nka ‘Black Riders’ muri filimi ‘Lord of the Rings’ aduteza imivumo. Ahubwo arashaka kutubeshya ngo atubuze kubabarirwa nkuko Imana yabisezeranije mu ntangiriro, binyuze muri Aburahamu, binyuze muri Mose, hanyuma bikagerwaho binyuze mu rupfu n’izuka rya Yesu. Nkuko Bibiliya ibivuga:

14Kandi ibyo si igitangaza, kuko na Satani ubwe yihindura nka marayika w’umucyo. 15Nuko rero ubwo bimeze bityo, ntibyaba igitangaza kugira ngo abakozi be na bo bigire nk’abakozi bagabura ibyo gukiranuka: iherezo ryabo rizahwana n’imirimo yabo.
2 Abakorinto 11: 14-15

Kuberako Satani nabakozi be bashobora kwiyerekana nk ‘urumuri’ turashukwa byoroshye. Ahari niyo mpamvu Ubutumwa bwiza buri gihe busa nk’aho buhanganye n’ibyiyumviro byacu n’imico yose.

Amategeko Icumi ni ayahe? Yigisha iki?

Mose yanditse ibitabo bitanu bya mbere bya Bibiliya, bisobanura ivuka ry’igihugu cya Isiraheli hashize imyaka ibihumbi. Mose yatangiye kuyobora Abisiraheli (cyangwa Abayahudi) bava mu bucakara muri Egiputa afite ubutumwa bwo gutabara bwitwa Pasika – aho Imana yabohoye Abisiraheli mu buryo bwerekanaga ko yari kuzabohora abantu bose mugihe kizaza. Ariko intego ya Mose’ ntabwo yari iyo kuyobora Abisiraheli gusa ibavana mu bucakara bwo mu Misiri, ahubwo no kubayobora mu buryo bushya bwo kubaho. Nyuma y’iminsi mirongo itanu rero Pasika yakijije Abisiraheli, Mose yabayoboye ku musozi wa Sinayi (cyangwa umusozi wa Horeb) aho bakiriye Amategeko.

None se Mose yabonye amategeko ki? Nubwo Itegeko ryuzuye ryari rirerire, Mose yabanje guhabwa amategeko yihariye y’imyitwarire yanditswe n’Imana ku bisate by’amabuye, azwi nk’Amategeko Icumi ( cyangwa Decalogue ). Ayo Icumi yabaye incamake y’Itegeko – amategeko asabwa mu myifatire imbere y’ayandi yose – kandi ni imbaraga z’Imana zikora kugira ngo zitwemeze kwihana.

Amategeko Icumi

Dore amategeko Icumi, yanditswe n’Imana ku ibuye, hanyuma yandikwa na Mose mu gitabo cya Bibiliya cyo Kuva.

1Imana ivuga aya magambo yose iti 2“Ndi Uwiteka Imana yawe yagukuye mu gihugu cya Egiputa, mu nzu y’uburetwa.3“Ntukagire izindi mana mu maso yanjye.4 “Ntukiremere igishushanyo kibajwe, cyangwa igisa n’ishusho yose iri hejuru mu ijuru, cyangwa hasi ku butaka cyangwa mu mazi yo hepfo y’ubutaka. 5 Ntukabyikubite imbere, ntukabikorere kuko Uwiteka Imana yawe ndi Imana ifuha, mpōra abana gukiranirwa kwa ba se, nkageza ku buzukuruza n’ubuvivi bw’abanyanga, 6nkababarira abankunda bakitondera amategeko yanjye, nkageza ku buzukuruza babo b’ibihe igihumbi.7 “Ntukavugire ubusa izina ry’Uwiteka Imana yawe, kuko Uwiteka atazamubara nk’utacumuye, uvugiye ubusa izina rye.8 “Wibuke kweza umunsi w’isabato. 9 Mu minsi itandatu ujya ukora, abe ari yo ukoreramo imirimo yawe yose, 10ariko uwa karindwi ni wo sabato y’Uwiteka Imana yawe. Ntukagire umurimo wose uwukoraho, wowe ubwawe, cyangwa umuhungu wawe cyangwa umukobwa wawe, cyangwa umugaragu wawe cyangwa umuja wawe, cyangwa itungo ryawe cyangwa umunyamahanga wawe uri iwanyu, 11 kuko iminsi itandatu ari yo Uwiteka yaremeyemo ijuru n’isi n’inyanja n’ibirimo byose, akaruhukira ku wa karindwi. Ni cyo cyatumye Uwiteka aha umugisha umunsi w’isabato, akaweza.12 “Wubahe so na nyoko, kugira ngo uramire mu gihugu Uwiteka Imana yawe iguha. 18.20; Ef 6.2-313 “Ntukice. 18.20; Rom 13.9; Yak 2.1114 “Ntugasambane. 13.9; Yak 2.1115 “Ntukibe.16 “Ntugashinje ibinyoma mugenzi wawe.17 “Ntukifuze inzu ya mugenzi wawe, ntukifuze umugore wa mugenzi wawe, cyangwa umugaragu we cyangwa umuja we, cyangwa inka ye cyangwa indogobe ye, cyangwa ikindi kintu cyose cya mugenzi wawe.”18 Abantu bose bumva za nkuba zikubita, babona ya mirabyo irabya, bumva ijwi rya rya hembe, babona wa musozi ucumba umwotsi, babibonye bahinda imishyitsi, bahagarara kure.
Kuva 20: 1-18

Igipimo cy’amategeko Icumi

Uyu munsi rimwe na rimwe twibagirwa ko aya ari amategeko. Ntabwo ari ibyifuzo. Ntanubwo ari ubujyanama. Ariko ni kangahe tugomba kubahiriza aya mategeko? Ibi biza mbere gato yo gutanga amategeko Icumi

3Mose arazamuka ngo ajye aho Imana iri, Uwiteka ari ku musozi amubwira amutera amagambo ati “Uko abe ari ko ubwira inzu ya Yakobo, ubu butumwa abe ari bwo ubwira Abisirayeli uti 4‘Mwabonye ibyo nagiriye Abanyegiputa, kandi uko naramije mwe amababa nk’ay’ikizu nkabizanira. 5 None nimunyumvira by’ukuri, mukitondera isezerano ryanjye muzambera amaronko, mbatoranije mu mahanga yose kuko isi yose ari
Kuva 19: 3, 5

Ibi byatanzwe nyuma y’amategeko Icumi

7Yenda igitabo cy’isezerano agisomera abantu, baramubwira bati “Ibyo Uwiteka yavuze byose tuzabikora, kandi tuzamwumvira.”
Kuva 24: 7

Reka tubitekerezeho. Rimwe na rimwe mu bizamini by’ishuri, mwarimu yaduhaga ibibazo byinshi (urugero 20) ariko rero akadusaba gusubiza bimwe mubibazo gusa. Twashoboraga, nk’urugero, guhitamo ibibazo 15 byose kuri 20 dushobora gusubiza. Buri munyeshuri yatoraga ibibazo 15 yahisemo gusubiza. Muri ubu buryo, mwarimu yabaga yorohereje ikizamini.

Abantu benshi bafata amategeko Icumi kimwe. Batekereza ko Imana, nyuma yo gutanga amategeko Icumi, yashakaga kuvuga, “ Gerageza bitandatu wahisemo muri aya mategeko icumi ”. Turatekereza gutya kuko twibwira ko Imana iringaniza ‘ ibikorwa byiza ’ kurwanya ‘ ibikorwa bibi ’. Niba ibikorwa byacu byiziza biruta cyangwa bihagarika Imyumvire yacu mibi noneho turizera ko ibi bihagije kugirango tubone ubutoni bw’Imana cyangwa tubone inzira itujyana mwijuru. Kubera iyo mpamvu, benshi muri twe bagerageza gushaka agaciro k’amadini n’ibikorwa by’amadini nko kujya mu rusengero, mu musigiti cyangwa mu sinagogi, gusenga, kwiyiriza ubusa no guha amafaranga abakene. Ibi bikorwa twizere ko biringaniza ibihe tutumvira amwe mu Mategeko Icumi.

Ariko, muby’ukuri gusoma ku bijyanye n’amategeko Icumi byerekana ko ataribwo buryo yatanzwemo. Abantu bagomba kumvira no kubahiriza amategeko YOSE – igihe cyose. Ingorane ihari kuri ibi nuko benshi bigomeka barwanya amategeko Icumi. Abahakanamana bazwi cyane Christopher Hitchens barwanyije amategeko Icumi kubera iyi mpamvu:

“… noneho haza amategeko ane azwi cyane ariyo abuza kwica, ubusambanyi, ubujura, no kuba umuhamya w’ibinyoma. Hanyuma, hariho kandi kubuza ubwambuzi, kubuza kwifuza umugore w’undi … kwikubira. … Aho kwamagana ibikorwa bibi, hariho gusa interuro yo kwamagana ibitekerezo bidahwitse…. Rero isaba ibidashoboka…. Umuntu ashobora kubuzwa gukora ibikorwa bibi …, ariko kubuza abantu kubitekerezaho ni ukurengera…. Niba koko imana yashakaga ko abantu batagira ibitekerezo nkibi, yari akwiye kwitondera cyane ikarema ibiremwa bitandukanye” Christopher Hitchens. 2007. God is not great: How religion spoils everything.
P.99-100

Kuki Imana yatanze amategeko Icumi?

Gutekereza ko Imana yemera 50% hakiyongereyeho umuhate, cyangwa ko Imana yakoze ikosa mugusaba ibidashoboka ni ukumva nabi intego y’amategeko Icumi. Yatanzwe kugirango adufashe kumenya ikibazo cyacu.

Reka tubyerekane hamwe n’urugero. Dufate ko waguye hasi kandi ukuboko kwawe kukababara- nyamara kandi ukaba utazi neza ibyangiritse imbere. Amagufa yo mu kuboko kwawe yaravunitse cyangwa ntiyavunitse? Ntabwo uzi neza niba bizagenda neza, cyangwa niba ukeneye gusuzumisha kuboko kwawe. Ufata rero X-ray y’ukuboko kwawe kandi ishusho ya X-ray igaragaza ko, yego rwose, niba igufwa ryo mukuboko kwawe ryaravunitse. Ese X-ray ikiza ukuboko kwawe? Ukuboko kwawe se kwaba kumeze neza kubera X-ray? Oya, ukuboko kwawe kuracyavunitse, ariko ubu uzi ko kwavunitse, kandi ko ugomba gushyiramo ubuvuzi kugirango ukire. X-ray ntabwo yakemuye ikibazo, ahubwo yerekannye ikibazo kugirango ubone ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Amategeko agaragaza icyaha

Muri ubwo buryo, amategeko Icumi yatanzwe kugirango ikibazo kiri muri twe kigaragare – icyaha cyacu. Icyaha bivuze mu byukuri ‘ kubura ’ intego Imana idutezeho n’uburyo dufata abandi, twe ubwacu n’Imana. Bibiliya ivuga ko

2Uwiteka yarebye abantu ari mu ijuru,Kugira ngo amenye yuko harimo abanyabwenge,Bashaka Imana.3Bose barayobye, bose bandurijwe hamwe,Nta wukora ibyiza n’umwe.
Zaburi 14: 2-3

Twese dufite iki kibazo cy’icyaha kitugendamo. Ibi birakomeye bihagije kuburyo Imana ivuga ku ‘bikorwa byiza’ ( twizera ko bizahagarika ibyaha byacu ) ko

6Nta wambaza izina ryawe, nta wibatura ngo akugundire kuko watwimye amaso, ukadutsemba uduhoye gukiranirwa kwacu.
Yesaya 64: 6

Gukiranuka kwacu mu bikorwa by’amadini cyangwa gufasha abandi ni nk’‘imyenda yanduye’ ugereranije n’ibyaha byacu.

Ariko aho kumenya ikibazo cyacu dukunda kwigereranya n’abandi (twigereranya n’amahame atari yo), duharanira cyane kubona agaciro k’amadini, cyangwa kureka no kubaho gusa kugirango twishime. Kubw’ibyo Imana yatanze amategeko Icumi kugirango:

20 kuko imbere yayo ari nta muntu uzatsindishirizwa n’imirimo itegetswe n’amategeko, kuko amategeko ari yo amenyekanisha icyaha.
Abaroma 3: 20

Niba dusuzumye ubuzima bwacu tukabugereranya n’amahame y’amategeko Icumi ni nko kureba X-ray yerekana ikibazo cy’imbere. Amategeko Icumi ntabwo ‘yakosora’ ikibazo cyacu, ariko yagaragaza ikibazo neza kugirango twemere umuti Imana yatanze. Aho gukomeza gucumura, Itegeko ridufasha kwisobanura neza.

Impano y’Imana itangirwa mu kwihana

Umuti Imana yatanze ni impano yo kubabarirwa ibyaha binyuze mu rupfu n’izuka rya Yesu Kristo. Ni impano y’ubuzima twahawe gusa niba twizeye cyangwa twizera umurimo wa Kristo.

16 nyamara tumenye yuko umuntu adatsindishirizwa n’imirimo itegetswe n’amategeko, ahubwo atsindishirizwa no kwizera Yesu Kristo. Dore ndetse natwe twizeye Kristo Yesu kugira ngo dutsindishirizwe no kumwizera, bitavuye ku mirimo itegetswe n’amategeko kuko ari nta muntu
Abagalatiya 2:16

Nkuko Aburahamu yari afite ishingiro imbere y’Imana natwe dushobora guhabwa gukiranuka. Ariko bisaba ko twihana. Kwihana bikunze kutumvikana, ariko kwihana bisobanura gusa ‘ guhindura ibitekerezo byacu ’ birimo gutandukana n’icyaha no kugarukira IMana niyompano itanga. Nkuko Bibiliya ibisobanura:

Ihane rero, uhindukire ku Mana, kugirango ibyaha byawe bisibangane, kugirango ibihe byo kugarura ubuyanja biva kuri Nyagasani,
Ibyakozwenintumwa 3:19

Isezerano kuri wowe nanjye nuko twihana, tukagarukira Imana, ko ibyaha byacu bitazabarwa kuri twe kandi tuzakira Ubuzima.

Amategeko Icumi muri Kalendari

Hamwe na Pasika ya mbere no kugeragezwa kwa Aburahamu bishimangira ikimenyetso cy’Imana kuri Gahunda yayo kugirango twizere ko ari Yo rwose, umunsi wihariye igihe amategeko Icumi yahawe Mose nawo werekana ukuza k’Umwuka w’Imana. Ibirori by’ibyumweru by’Abayahudi, cyangwa Shavuot, ugenewe gutanga amategeko Icumi, nabyo bihura n’umunsi nyawo w’Ibyakozwenuntumwa 2 kuri Pentekote igihe Umwuka Wera wamanukaga.

Gutanga amategeko Icumi yerekanywe kubijyanye n’ibirori by’ibyumweru no kuza kwa Roho Mutagatifu kuri Pentekote. Ibirori by’ibyumweru, Amategeko Icumi no Kuza kw’Umwuka byose biri kumunsi umwe.

Nkuko umunsi Umwuka wera yaje kuba mu bantu bihannye waje ku munsi umwe bibuka itangwa ry’amategeko Icumi ni igisubizo cy’Imana kubibazo bya Christopher Hitchens. Imana ishaka ‘kwitondera kurema ubwoko butandukanye’ – bumwe bwubakiye ku Mwuka wayo, kugirango tubone ubushobozi bwo kubaho ukundi. Uguhura kw’igihe cyabyo, na none, ikimenyetso cye cyanditse kuri “gahunda” y’igihe kugirango twizeze neza ko Amategeko na Mwuka wera byombi biva ku Mana.

Igihe nyacyo cya Pentekote n’imbaraga zayo..

Umunsi wa pentekote uba buri gihe ku cyumweru. Hizihizwa umunsi udasanzwe, ariko ntabwo aribyo byabaye uwo munsi gusa ahubwo ni igihe n’impamvu byabaye byerekana ukuboko kw’Imana, n’impano ikomeye kuri wowe.

Ibyabaye kuri Pentekote

Niba warumvise ‘Pentekote’, birashoboka ko wamenye ko ari umunsi Umwuka Wera yaje kuba mu bayoboke ba Yesu. Uyu niwo munsi Itorero, “ abatoranijwe” b’Imana, ryavutse. Ibyabaye byanditswe mu Byakozwenintumwa igice cya 2 cya Bibiliya. Kuri uwo munsi, Umwuka w’Imana yamanutse ku bayoboke 120 ba mbere ba Yesu batangira kuvuga cyane mu ndimi zo hirya no hino ku isi. Byateje imvururu ku buryo ibihumbi n’ibihumbi bari i Yeruzalemu icyo gihe basohotse kureba ibyabaga. Imbere y’imbaga yari ikoraniye aho, Petero yavuze ubutumwa bwa mbere bw’ivanjiri maze ‘ibihumbi bitatu byiyongera ku mubare wabo uwo munsi ’ ( Ibyakozwenintumwa 2:41). Umubare w’abayoboke b’ivanjiri wagiye wiyongera kuva kuri icyo cyumweru cya Pentekote.

Uwo munsi wabaye nyuma y’iminsi 50 y’izuka rya Yesu. Muri iyi minsi 50 ni bwo abigishwa ba Yesu bemeye ko Yesu yazutse mu bapfuye. Ku cyumweru cya Pentekote bagiye kumugaragaro amateka arahinduka. Waba wemera izuka cyangwa utaryemera, ubuzima bwawe bwagizweho ingaruka bitewe n’ibyabaye kuri kiriya cyumweru cya Pentekote.

Uku gusobanukirwa Pentekote, nubwo ari ukuri, ntabwo bihagije. Abantu benshi bifuza gusubiramo icyo cyumweru cya Pentekote nkuko byagenze kiriya gihe. Kubera ko abigishwa ba mbere ba Yesu bari bafite kwihangana kubwa pentekote ‘ bategereje impano yumwuka’, uyu munsi abantu bizeye cyo kimwe ‘bategereje’ ko azongera kuza muburyo busa. Abantu rero basaba kandi bagategereza ko Imana izana indi Pentekote. Gutekereza gutya bivuze ko gutegereza no gusenga ari byo byazanye Umwuka w’Imana icyo gihe. Gutekereza gutya ni bibuza kumva icyo bisobanuye – kuko Pentekote yanditswe mu Byakozwenintumwa Igice cya 2 ntabwo yariyo Pentekote ya mbere.

Pentekote yo mu Mategeko ya Mose

‘Pentekote mu byukuri yari umunsi mukuru wo mu Isezerano rya Kera. Mose (1500 mbere ya Yesu ) yari yarashyizeho iminsi mikuru myinshi igomba kwizihizwa umwaka wose. Pasika yari umunsi mukuru wa mbere w’umwaka w’Abayahudi. Yesu yabambwe ku munsi wa Pasika. Igihe nyacyo cy’urupfu rwe kubitambo by’intama za Pasika byari bigamije kuba nk’ikimenyetso.

Umunsi mukuru wa kabiri wari umunsi mukuru w’umuganura, kandi Amategeko ya Mose yavuze ko ugomba kwizihizwa ku munsi wa nyuma wo ku wa gatandatu (= Ku cyumweru). Yesu yazutse ku cyumweru, bityo izuka rye ryabaye neza ku munsi w’umuganura. Kuva izuka rye ryaba k’umuganura, byari Isezerano ko izuka ryacu rizakurikiraho nyuma ( kubantu bose bamwizeye ). Izuka rye ni ‘umuganura’, nkuko izina ry’umunsi mukuru ryahanuwe.

Nyuma y’iminsi 50 neza neza nyuma y’icyumweru cy’’Umuganura’ Abayahudi bizihije Pentekote (Pente bivuga 50. Babyitaga ibyumweru by’ibirori kuko byageraga kuri birindwi) . Abayahudi bari bamaze imyaka 1500 igihe Pentekote yo mu Byakozwenintumwa 2 bibaye. Impamvu abantu baturutse impande zose z’isi kuri uwo umunsi wa pentekote i Yeruzalemu kumva ubutumwa bwa Petero byari kubera ko bari bashakaga kwizihiza Pentekote yo mu Isezerano rya Kera. Uyu munsi Abayahudi baracyizihiza Pentekote bakayita Shavuot.

Twasomye mu Isezerano rya Kera uburyo Pentekote yagombaga kwizihizwa:

16Mubare iminsi mirongo itanu igeze ku munsi wa mbere w’isabato ya karindwi, maze muganurire Uwiteka ituro ry’umuganura wundi. 17Mu buturo bwanyu mukuremo imitsima ibiri yo kuba ituro rijungujwe, ibe iy’ibice bya cumi bibiri bya efa y’ifu y’ingezi yotsanywa umusemburo, kugira ngo iganurirwe Uwiteka.
Abalewi 23: 16-17

Igihe nyacyo cya Pentekote Ibimenyetso by’ubwenge

Hariho igihe nyacyo cya Pentekote m Byakozwenintumwa 2 kuva ibaye ku munsi umwe w’umwaka nk’uwa Pentekote yo mu Isezerano rya Kera (Ibirori by’ibyumwero). Kuba kubambwa kwa Yesu kwarabaye kuri Pasika, izuka rya Yesu rikaba ku muganura, na Pentekote yo mu Byakozwenintumwa 2 ikaba mu minsi mikuru y’Abayahudi, yerekana ubwonko buhuza ibi binyuze mu mateka. Mu minsi myinshi igize umwaka kuki kubambwa kwa Yesu, izuka rye, hanyuma ukuza k’Umwuka Wera byabayeho neza kuri buri munsi w’ibirori bitatu byo mu Isezerano rya Kera, keretse niba byari byarateganijwe? Uguhuza nkuku byabaho gusa habaye hari ubwonko bubiri inyuma.

Ibyabaye mu Isezerano Rishya byabaye neza mu minsi mikuru itatu yo mu Isezerano rya Kera

Yaba Luka ‘yarahimbye’ Pentekote?

Bamwe bavuga ko Luka (umwanditsi w’Ibyakozwenintumwa) yahimbye ibyabaye mu Byakozwenintumwa 2 kugeza ku ‘ bizaba’ ku munsi mukuru wa pentekote. Noneho yaba ariwe wari inyuma yo kugena ingengabihe rero. Ariko ibi ntibivuga ukuntu Ibyakozwenintumwa 2 by‘uzuza’ umunsi mukuru wa Pentekote, ntanaho biyerekana na gato. Kubera iki yari kurinda kwigora aremekanya ibi bihe kugira ngo ‘bibe’ kuri uwo munsi ariko ntafashe umusomyi asobanukirwa uko ‘bisohoza’ umunsi mukuru wa Pentekote? Muri make, Luka yakoze umurimo mwiza wo kwandika ibyabaye aho kubisobanura kuburyo abantu benshi muri iki gihe batazi ko Pentekote ivugwa mu Byakozwenintumwa 2 yabaye neza neza ku munsi wa Pentekote yo mu isezerano rya kera. Abantu benshi batekereza ko Pentekote yatangiye gusa mu Byakozwenitnumwa 2. Kubera ko abantu benshi muri iki gihe batazi isano iri hagati yabyo, Luka ntashobora kuba yaba umuhanga wo guhimba iryo isano ariko akaba atari no gushobora na gato kuyigurisha.

Pentekote: Imbaraga nshya.

Ahubwo, Luka atwereka ubuhanuzi bwo mu gitabo cyo mu Isezerano rya Kera rya Yoweli avuga ko umunsi umwe Umwuka w’Imana azisuka ku bantu bose. Pentekote yo mu Ibyakozwenintumwa 2 yashohoje ibyo.

Impamvu imwe ituma Ivanjili ari ‘ubutumwa bwiza’ nuko butanga imbaraga zo kubaho mu buzima butandukanye – bwiza. Ubuzima ubu ni ubumwe hagati y’Imana n’abantu. Kandi ubu bumwe bubaho mu kubana n’Umwuka w’Imana – watangiriye ku cyumweru cya Pentekote cyo mu Byakozwenintumwa 2. Ubutumwa bwiza nuko ubu ubuzima bushobora kubaho ku rwego rutandukanye, mu kugirana umubano n’Imana binyuze mu Mwuka wayo. Bibiliya ibivuga gutya:

13Ariko amara n’ibinyita abyoze, maze umutambyi abitambe, byose abyosereze ku gicaniro. Icyo ni igitambo cyoswa kitagabanije gikongorwa n’umuriro, cy’umubabwe uhumurira Uwiteka neza.14“Kandi natambira Uwiteka igitambo cyo koswa kitagabanije cy’inyoni, atambe intungura cyangwa ibyana by’inuma.
Abefeso 1: 13-14

11 Ariko niba Umwuka w’Iyazuye Yesu aba muri mwe, Iyazuye Kristo Yesu izazura n’imibiri yanyu ipfa ku bw’Umwuka wayo uba muri mwe.
Abaroma 8:11

23 ariko si byo bisa, ahubwo natwe abafite umuganura w’Umwuka, natwe tunihira mu mitima yacu dutegereza guhindurwa abana b’Imana, ari ko gucungurwa kw’imibiri yacu,
Abaroma 8:23

Umwuka wera w’Imana ni undi muganura kuko Umwuka ni umuhanuzi – ingwate – yo kurangiza guhinduka ‘abana b’Imana’ kwacu.

Ubutumwa bwiza butanga ubuzima bwuzuye bitanyuze mu bintu, kwishimisha, imiterere, ubutunzi n’ibindi byose byo kuri iyi si, aribyo Salomo yasanze ari ibintu byinshi by’ubusa, ahubwo binyuze mu kubana n’Umwuka w’Imana. Niba ibi ari ukuri –ko Imana iduha kubana nayo kandi ikadukomeza – byaba inkuru nziza. Pentekote yo mu Isezerano rya Kera hamwe no kwizihiza umugati mwiza watetswe n’umusemburo ushushanya ubu buzima bwuzuye. Ubusobanuro buri hagati ya Pentekote ya Kera n’i Nshya ni ibimenyetso bifatika byerekana ko Imana ari yo iri inyuma yibi bintu n’imbaraga z’ubuzima bwuzuye.

Kristo’ muri Yesu Kristo bikomoka he?.

Rimwe na rimwe iyo ubajije abantu iryari izina rya Yesu rya nyuma, mubisanzwe barasubiza bati: “Ndakeka ko izina rye rya nyuma ryari ‘Kristo’ ariko sinzi neza. Noneho ndabaza nti: “Niba aribyo, igihe Yesu yari umuhungu muto Yozefu Kristo na Mariya Kristo bajyanye Yesu Kristo muto ku isoko?” Kubyiyumvamo gutyo, bamenye ko ‘Kristo’ atari izina ryanyuma rya Yesu’. None, ‘Kristo’ ni iki? Bituruka he? Bisobanura iki? Nibyo tureba muri iyi ngingo.

Itandukaniro ry’Ubusemuzi no guhindura ururimi

Ubwa mbere dukeneye kumenya iby’ibanze by’ubusemuzi. Abasemuzi rimwe na rimwe bahitamo guhindura amajwi asa aho kuba ibisobanuro, cyane cyane ku mazina. Ibi bizwi nka “transliteration”. Muri Bibiliya, abasemuzi bagombaga guhitamo niba amagambo yayo ( cyane cyane amazina) byaba byiza mu rurimi rwahinduwe binyuze mu bisobanuro cyangwa binyuze mu busobanuro bw’ijwi . Nta tegeko ryihariye.

Igitabo cy’isezerano rya kera

Bibiliya yahinduwe bwa mbere mu 250 mbere ya Yesu igihe Isezerano rya Kera ry’Igiheburayo ryahindurwaga mu kigereki. Ubu busobanuro ni “Septuagint” ( cyangwa LXX ) kandi iracyakoreshwa muri iki gihe. Kuva Isezerano Rishya ryanditswe nyuma y’imyaka 300 mu kigereki, abanditsi bayo bavuze “Septuagint” y’Abagereki aho kuba Isezerano rya Kera ry’Igiheburayo.

Ubusemuzi no Guhinduranya muri “Septuagint”

Igishushanyo gikurikira cyerekana uburyo ibi bigira ingaruka kuri Bibiliya ziki gihe,

Ibi byerekana ibisobanuro biva mu byumwimerere kugeza kuri – Bibiliya y’iki gihe

Isezerano rya Kera ryanditswe mu giheburayo – “quadrant” # 1. Kuva ku mwambi kuva # 1 kugeza kuwa # 2 yerekana ibisobanuro byayo kuri “quadrant” yo mu Bugereki # 2 muri 250 mbere ya Yesu. Isezerano rya Kera ubu ryari mu ndimi ebyiri – Igiheburayo n’Ikigereki. Isezerano Rishya ryanditswe mu kigereki bityo ritangira muri “quadrant” # 2. Isezerano rya Kera n’Isezerano Rishya ryabonetse mu kigereki – ururimi rusange – mu myaka 2000 ishize.

Mugice cyo hepfo ( # 3 ) ni ururimi rugezweho nkicyongereza. Mubisanzwe Isezerano rya Kera ryahinduwe riva mu giheburayo cy’umwimerere ( # 1 – > # 3 ) n’Isezerano Rishya riva mu kigereki ( # 2 – >

Inkomoko ya ‘Kristo

Noneho dukurikije uru rutonde rumwe, ariko twibanda ku ijambo ‘Kristo’ rigaragara mu Isezerano Rishya ry’Icyongereza.

‘Kristo’ akomoka he muri Bibiliya

Ijambo ry’umwimerere ry’igiheburayo rya kera ryari ‘mashiyach’ inkoranyamagambo y’igiheburayo isobanura nk’umuntu ‘wasizwe cyangwa yeguriwe Imana. Abami b’igiheburayo basizwe amavuta mbere y’uko baba abami, bityo bakaba abasizwe amavuta cyangwa “mashiyach”. Isezerano rya Kera naryo ryahanuye “mashiyach” wihariye. Kuri “Septuagint”, abasemuzi bayo bahisemo ijambo mu kigereki rifite igisobanuro bisa – “大ριστός” (bisa na Christos ), byaturutse kuri “chrio”, bivuze ko byasigaye mu birori hamwe na mavuta. “Christos” rero yahinduwe mu bisobanuro (kandi ntabwo yahinduwe binyuze mw’ijwi) uhereye mu giheburayo cya mbere ‘mashiyach’ no muri “Septuagint” y’ikigereki. Abanditsi bo mu Isezerano Rishya bakomeje gukoresha ijambo Christos mu nyandiko zabo kugira ngo basobanure Yesu nka mashiyach.

Muri Bibiliya y’Icyongereza, Isezerano rya Kera ry’Igiheburayo “Mashiyach” rikunze guhindurwa nk’uwasizwe kandi hari igihe cyasobanuwe nka Mesiya. Isezerano Rishya Christos bisobanurwa ngo “Kristo”. Ijambo “Kristo” ni izina ryihariye ryo mu Isezerano rya Kera, rikomoka ku buhinduzi kuva mu giheburayo kugera mu kigereki, hanyuma bisobanurwa kuva mu kigereki kugeza mu Cyongereza.

Kuberako tutabona byoroshye ijambo ‘Kristo’ mu Isezerano rya Kera ry’uyu munsi iyi sano n’Isezerano rya Kera biragoye kuyibona. Ariko duhereye kuri iri sesengura tuzi ko muri Bibiliya ‘Kristo’ = ‘Messiah’ = ‘Uwasizwe’ kandi ko yari titire yihariye.

Kristo yari yitezwe mu kinyejana cya 1

Hano hasi herekanwa uburyo umwami Herode mu gihe Abanyabwenge baturutse mu burasirazuba baje gushaka ‘umwami wAbayahudi’, igice kizwi cy’inkuru ya Noheri. Nibyo kwitondera, titire ya Kristo yabayeho mbere mbere ya Yesu, nubwo bitavuga cyane.

2“Umwami w’Abayuda wavutse ari hehe? Ko twabonye inyenyeri ye turi iburasirazuba, none tukaba tuje kumuramya.”3Umwami Herode abyumvise ahagarikana umutima n’ab’i Yerusalemu bose,
Matayo2: 3 – 4

Igitekerezo cya ‘Kristo’ cyari ubumenyi busanzwe hagati ya Herode n’abajyanama be b’amadini – na mbere yuko Yesu avuka – kandi ryakoreshejwe hano batavuga cyane cyane Yesu. Ni ukubera ko ‘Kristo’ akomoka mu Isezerano rya Kera ry’Abagereki, ryakunzwe gusomwa n’Abayahudi bo mu kinyejana cya 1. ‘Kristo’ yari ( kandi na none ni ) titire, ntabwo ari izina. Ryariho imyaka amagana mbere y’ubukristo.

Ubuhanuzi bwo mu isezerano rya kera kuri ‘Kristo

Mubyukuri, ‘Kristo’ n’izina ry’ubuhanuzi riboneka muri Zaburi, ryanditswe na Dawidi mu 1000 mbere ya Yesu – mbere gato yuko Yesu avuka.

Abami b’isi barahagurutse … barwanya Uwiteka n’Umwe wasizwe … utetse ijabiro mu ijuru araseka; abaha ur’amenyo n’uburakari… agira ati, “Nashizeho Umwami wanjye kuri Siyoni, umusozi wanjye wera.” Nzatangaza itegeko ry’Uwiteka: Yambwiye ati: “Uri Umwana wanjye; uyu munsi nabaye So. …Hahirwa abamuhungiraho.
Zaburi 2: 2 – 7

Zaburi 2 muri “Septuagint” yasomwa mu buryo bukurikira; Abami b’isi barahagutse … barwanya Uwiteka kandi barwanya Kristo we … Uhoraho uganje mu ijuru arabaseka; abaha urw’amenyo … agira ati…,
Zaburi 2

Ushobora ‘kubona’ Kristo muri iki gice nkuko umusomyi w’ikinyejana cya 1 yari kubisoma. Ariko Zaburi ikomeza hamwe n’ibindi byinshi byerekeranye uyu Kristo uzaza.

Zaburi 132 ivuga mu gihe kizaza (“… Nzakora ihembe rya Dawidi …”) nk’ibice byinshi mu Isezerano rya Kera. Ntabwo ari uko Isezerano Rishya rifata ibitekerezo bimwe byo mu Isezerano rya Kera kandi ngo babihuze na Yesu. Abayahudi bahoraga bategereje Mesiya wabo ( cyangwa Kristo ). Kuba bategereje cyangwa bashaka ukuza kwa Mesiya byose bifitanye isano n’ejo hazaza – busa n’ubuhanuzi mu Isezerano rya Kera.

Ubuhanuzi bwo mu Isezerano rya Kera: Bwerekanwa nko gufunga – sisiteme y’urufunguzo

Ko Isezerano rya Kera rihanura by’umwihariko ejo hazaza bituma ibitabo byaryo biba ibidasanzwe. Ni nko gufunga umuryango. Gufunga bifite imiterere runaka kugirango ‘urufunguzo’ rwihariye ruhuye n’ugufunga rushobora gufungura. Muri ubwo buryo, Isezerano rya Kera ni nko gufunga. Twabonye bimwe muri ibi ku gitambo cya Aburahamu, intangiriro ya Adamu, na Pasika ya Mose. Zaburi 132 yongeraho icyifuzo cy’uko ‘Kristo’ yaturuka ku gisekuru wa Dawidi. Dore ikibazo gikwiye kwibazwa no gushakirwa igisubizo: Yesu yaba ahuye n’ ‘’urufunguzo’ rufungura ubuhanuzi? Tuzabibona.

Ijambo rya Mose rya nyuma: Amateka agenda yisubiramo

Imigisha n’imivumo bya Mose

Mose yabayeho hashize imyaka 3500 yandika ibitabo bitanu bya mbere bya Bibiliya – bizwi nka Pentateuch cyangwa Torah. Igitabo cye cya gatanu, Gutegeka kwa kabiri, gikubiyemo ijambo rye rya nyuma ryavuzwe mbere yuko apfa. Iyi yari imugisha ye kubanya Isiraheli – Abayahudi, ariko kandi yari n’imivumo ye. Mose yanditse ko iyi migisha n’imivumo bizubaka amateka kandi bitagomba kugaragarira ku Bayahudi gusa, ahubwo no mu bindi bihugu byose. Ibi rero byanditswe kugira ngo wowe nanjye tubitekerezaho. Imigisha yuzuye n’imivumo biri hano. Ingingo z’ingenzi zavuzwe muri make hano.

Imigisha ya Mose

Mose yatangiye asobanura imigisha Abisiraheli bari kuzahabwa baramutse bubahirije Amategeko. Amategeko yatanzwe mu bitabo byabanje ushyizemo n’Amategeko Icumi. Imigisha yari guturuka ku Mana kandi yari kuba ikomeye cyane kuburyo ibindi bihugu byose byari kumenya imigisha yayo. Ibyavuye muri iyi migisha biri:

10 All the nations of the world will see that you are called by the name of the Lord, and they will fear you
Gutegeka kwa kabiri28:10

… n’imivumo

Ariko, Abisiraheli iyo bananirwa kumvira amategeko noneho bari guhura n’imivumo ingana n’imigisha bari kubona. Iyo mivumo yari kubonwa n’ibihugu biyikikije kugirango:

37Kandi uzahindukira amahanga yose Uwiteka azakwimuriramo igitangaza, n’iciro ry’imigani n’agashinyaguro.( Gutegeka kwa kabiri 28: 37 )

Kandi imivumo yari kukomeza kuba mu mateka.

46Iyo mivumo izakuberaho kuba ibimenyetso n’ibitangaza, kandi izaba ku rubyaro rwawe iteka ryose.
Gutegeka kwa kabiri 28:46

Ariko Imana yihanangirije ko igice kibi cyane cy’imivumo kizaturuka mu bindi bihugu.

49Uwiteka azakuzanira ishyanga rya kure akuye ku mpera y’isi, riza nk’uko ikizu kiguruka, ishyanga uzaba utazi ururimi rwaryo, 50ishyanga rifite mu maso hagaragaza urugomo, ritazubaha abashaje, ritazababarira abana. 51Bazarya abana b’amatungo yawe, n’imyaka yo ku butaka bwawe bageze aho uzarimbukira, kandi ntibazagusigira imyaka y’impeke cyangwa vino cyangwa amavuta ya elayo, cyangwa kororoka kw’inka zawe cyangwa ukw’imikumbi yawe, bageze aho bazakurimburira. 52Bazagota imidugudu yawe yose, kugeza aho inkike z’amabuye zawe ndende zikomeye wiringiraga zo mu gihugu cyawe cyose zizaridukira. Bazasakiza imidugudu yawe yose yo mu gihugu cyawe cyose, Uwiteka Imana yawe izaba yaraguhaye.
Gutegeka kwa kabiri 28:49 – 52

Byari kuba bibi bikanarushaho kuba bibi cyane.

63Kandi nk’uko Uwiteka yishimiraga kubagirira neza no kubagwiza, ni ko Uwiteka azishimira kubarimbura no kubatsemba kandi muzajahurwa mukurwe mu gihugu mujyanwamo no guhindūra.64Kandi Uwiteka azabatataniriza mu mahanga yose, uhereye ku mpera y’isi ukageza ku yindi mpera yayo, kandi uzakorererayo izindi mana utigeze kumenya, na ba sekuruza banyu batigeze kumenya, z’ibiti n’amabuye. 65Kandi muri ayo mahanga nta mahoro uzabona, ntuzabona aho uruhurira ibirenge byawe. Ariko Uwiteka azaguherayo umutima uhinda umushyitsi, n’amasoaremba n’umutima wonze.
Gutegeka kwa kabiri 28: 63 – 65

Iyi migisha n’imivumo byashyizweho n’amasezerano hagati y’Imana n’Abisiraheli:

12kugira ngo igukomereze kuyibera ubwoko, na yo ngo ikubere Imana nk’uko yakubwiye, kandi nk’uko yarahiye ba sekuruza banyu, Aburahamu na Isaka na Yakobo. 13Kandi si mwe mwenyine nsezeranishiriza iri sezerano n’iyi ndahiro, 14ahubwo ndisezeraniye abahagararanye natwe uyu munsi imbere y’Uwiteka Imana yacu, kandi n’abatari hano hamwe natwe uyu munsi.15Muzi uko twabaga mu gihugu cya Egiputa, kandi uko twaciye hagati y’amahanga mwaciyemo,
Gutegeka kwa kabiri 29: 12 – 15

Muyandi magambo, iri sezerano ryahuzaga abana, cyangwa ibisekuruza bizaza. Mubyukuri iri sezerano ryerekejwe mubisekuruza bizaza – Abisiraheli ndetse n’abanyamahanga.

21Nuko urubyaro rwanyu ruzakurikiraho, abana banyu bazakura babakurikiye, n’umunyamahanga uzava mu gihugu cya kure, nibabona ibyago byabaye muri icyo gihugu n’indwara Uwiteka yagiteje, 22 kandi yuko icyo gihugu cyose ari amazuku n’umunyu n’ururimbi, kidahingwa, kitera, kitameramo akatsi, gihwanye na kwa gutsembwa kw’i Sodomu n’i Gomora, na Adima n’i Seboyimu Uwiteka yatsembesheje uburakari bwe n’umujinya we, 23bo n’amahanga yose bazabaza bati “Ni iki cyatumye Uwiteka agira iki gihugu atya? Umujinya ugurumana utya watewe n’iki?” 24Abantu bazabasubiza bati “Ni uko baretse isezerano ry’Uwiteka Imana ya ba sekuruza, iryo yasezeranye na bo ubwo yabakuraga mu gihugu cya Egiputa,
Gutegeka kwa kabiri 29:21 – 24

Kandi igisubizo kizaba:

25bakagenda bagakorera izindi mana bakazikubita imbere, imana bari batazi kandi Uwiteka yari atazibahaye. 26Ni cyo cyatumye uburakari bw’Uwiteka bugurumanira iki gihugu, bakakizanira imivumo yose yanditswe muri iki gitabo. 27Ni cyo cyatumye Uwiteka aterwa n’uburakari n’umujinya, no kurakara kwinshi kubarandura mu gihugu cyabo akabajugunya mu kindi, nk’uko biri none
Gutegeka kwa kabiri29: 25 – 27

Ese imigisha n’imivumo byabayeho?

Nta kintu na kimwe kibogamiye kuri bo. Imigisha yari yishimiwe, ariko imivumo yari ikomeye cyane. Ariko, ikibazo cy’ingenzi tugomba kubaza ni: ‘Byarabaye? Igisubizo ntabwo kigoye kubona. Byinshi mu Isezerano rya Kera ni amateka ya Isiraheli kandi atwemerera kureba uko byagenze. Dufite kandi inyandiko hanze y’Isezerano rya Kera, uhereye ku bahanga mu by’amateka b’Abayahudi nka Josephus, Graeco – Abahanga mu by’amateka y’Abaroma nka Tacitus kandi twabonye inzibutso nyinshi z’ubucukumbuzi. Aba bose barabyemera kandi bashushanya ishusho ihamye y’amateka ya Isiraheli cyangwa abayahudi. Incamake y’aya mateka wayisoma hano Soma kandi wisuzumire niba imivumo ya Mose yarasohoye.

Umwanzuro ku migisha n’imivumo wa Mose

Ariko ijambo rya nyma rya Mose ntabwo ryarangiranye n’imivumo gusa. Dore itangazo rya nyuma rya Mose.

1Ibyo byose nibimara kukubaho, umugisha n’umuvumo nagushyize imbere ukabyibukira mu mahanga yose Uwiteka Imana yawe izaba yarakwirukaniyemo, 2ukagarukira Uwiteka Imana yawe ukayumvira, ugakora ibyo ngutegetse uyu munsi byose wowe n’abana bawe, ubikoresha umutima wawe wose n’ubugingo bwawe bwose, 3Uwiteka Imana yawe izagarura abawe bajyanywe ari imbohe, ikubabarire, isubire guteranya abawe ibakuye mu mahanga yose Uwiteka Imana yawe izaba yarabatatanirijemo. 4Niba abirukanywe bawe bazaba ku mpera y’isi, ni ho Uwiteka Imana yanyu izabakura ngo ibateranye, ni ho izabatarura. 5Kandi Uwiteka Imana yawe izagusubiza mu gihugu ba sekuruza banyu bari baragize gakondo ukigire gakondo, kandi izakugirira neza, izakugwiza urute ba sekuruza banyu ubwinshi.
Gutegeka kwa kabiri 30: 1 – 5

Nyuma ya Mose, abanditsi bakurikiranye mu Isezerano rya Kera bakomeje iyi nsanganyamatsiko yavuzwe bwa mbere – ko hazabaho gusana nyuma y’ibyago. Aba banditsi nyuma bahanuye ibintu bikomeye kandi bitinyitse kandi bigaragara. Bafatanyije batangaje bahanuye ibintu bigenda bigaragara muri iki gihe.

Biroroshye ariko Biranakomeye: Ni ubuhe busobanuro bw’igitambo cya Yesu?

Yesu yaje kwitanga nk’igitambo kubantu bose kugirango dushobore guhunga imivumo yacu no kongera kugirana ubusabane n’Imana. Iyi gahunda yavuzweho mu ntangiriro y’amateka y’abantu. Yemejwe n’Imana mu gitambo cya Aburahamu yerekeza ku musozi wa Moriya aho igitambo cya Yesu cyari gutangirwa. Noneho igitambo cya Pasika y’Abayahudi cyari ikimenyetso cyerekana umunsi w’umwaka Yesu yari gutambwa.

Kuki igitambo cye ari ingenzi cyane? Iki ni ikibazo gikwiye kubazwa. Bibiliya itangaza Itegeko iyo ivuga iti:

Kuko igihembo cy’icyaha ni urupfu …
Abaroma 6:23

“Urupfu” bisobanura ‘gutandukana’. Iyo roho yacu itandukanijwe n’umubiri wacu dupfa k’umubiri. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, ubu twatandukanijwe n’Imana mu mwuka. Ibi ni ukuri kuko Imana ni I Yera (idafite icyasha) mugihe twangiritse mu byaremwe by’umwimerere bityo tugakora icyaha.

Ibi bishobora kugaragara ukoresheje umuhora hamwe n’Imana kuruhande rutandukanye natwe dutandukanijwe n’icyobo cy’ukuzimu. Nkuko ishami ryaciwe ku giti riba ripfuye, ninako twivanye ku Mana tugapfa mu mwuka.

Twatandukanijwe n’Imana n’ibyaha byacu nk’imanga itandukanya imisozi ibiri

Uku gutandukana gutera icyaha n’ubwoba. Icyo rero dusanzwe tugerageza gukora ni ukubaka ibiraro kugirango bidukure kuruhande rwacu (y’urupfu) itujyana ku ruhande rw’Imana. Ibi tubikora muburyo bwinshi butandukanye: kujya mu rusengero, kuba abanyamadini, kuba mwiza, gufasha abakene, kwitekerezaho, kugerageza gufasha cyane, gusenga cyane, nibindi. Cyane cyane mu miryango aho kiliziya ya gikristo, yaba orotodogisi, gatolika cyangwa abaporotesitanti biri mu mico, abantu benshi bakeka ko imirimo y’amadini kugirango tumenye icyo Imana idusaba. Ibi bikorwa kugirango tubabarirwe bishobora kugorana cyane – kandi kutabikora bishobora kuba ingorabahizi. Ibi byerekanwe mu ishusho ikurikira.

Imbaraga nziza – uko zaba ingirakamaro kose – ntishobora guca itandukaniro hagati yacu n’Imana

Ikibazo nuko imbaraga zacu zikomeye, ibyiza by’amadini, nibikorwa, nubwo atari bibi, bidahagije kuko ubwishyu busabwa (‘ibihembo’) by’ibyaha byacu ni ‘urupfu’. Imbaraga zacu ni nka ‘ikiraro’ kigerageza kurenga icyuho kidutandukanya n’Imana – ariko amaherezo ntigishobora kubikora. Ni ukubera ko ibyiza bitazakemura ikibazo cy’inkomoko. Ni nko kugerageza gukiza kanseri (bivamo urupfu) urya ibikomoka ku bimera. Kurya ibikomoka ku bimera ntabwo ari bibi, bishobora no kuba byiza – ariko ntibizakiza kanseri. Kuri kanseri ukeneye ubuvuzi butandukanye rwose.

Iri tegeko ni inkuru mbi – nibibi cyane akenshi ntidushaka no kubyumva kandi twuzuza ubuzima bwacu ibikorwa n’ibintu twizeye ko aya mategeko atakitureba. Ariko Bibiliya ishimangira iri tegeko ry’icyaha nu’rupfu kugirango twitondere kwibanda ku muti woroshye kandi ukomeye.

Kuko igihembo cy’icyaha ni urupfu ariko …
Abaroma 6:23

Ijambo rito ‘ ariko ’ ryerekana ko icyerekezo cy’ubutumwa kigiye guhindura icyerekezo, ku makuru meza y’ubutumwa bwiza – umuti. Rirerekana ibyiza n’urukundo by’Imana.

Kuko igehembo cy’icyaha ni urupfu ariko impano y’Imana ni ubuzima bw’iteka muri Kristo Yesu Umwami wacu
Abaroma 6:23

Amakuru meza y’ubutumwa bwiza nuko igitambo cy’urupfu rwa Yesu gihagije kugirango uku gutandukanya hagati yacu n’Imana kuveho. Ibi turabizi kuko nyuma y’iminsi itatu urupfu rwa Yesu yazutse mumubiri, arongera aba muzima mu buryo bw’umubiri. Benshi muri twe ntituzi ibimenyetso byerekana izuka rye. Igisobanuro gikomeye gishobora gukorwa kuri rwo nkuko bigaragara muri iyi nyigisho rusange nakoze muri kaminuza ( ihuz’mashusho hano ). Igitambo cya Yesu cyakorewe mu gitambo cya Aburahamu no kwigomwa kwa Pasika. Ibi bimenyetso byerekana Yesu byashyizweyo kugirango bidufashe kubona umuti.

Yesu yari umuntu wabayeho ubuzima butagira icyaha. Kubwibyo ashobora ‘ kuba ’ ku mpande zose haba ku bantu ndetse n’Imana kandi akaziba icyuho gitandukanya Imana n’abantu. Ni ikiraro cy’ubuzima gishobora kugaragara gutya:

Yesu ni Ikiraro gihuza imanga iri hagati y’Imana n’umuntu

Reba uburyo iki gitambo cya Yesu cyaduhawe. Cyatanzwe nk’ … ‘ impano ’. Tekereza ku mpano. Uko impano yaba imeze kose, niba mubyukuri ari impano ni ikintu udakorera kandi ko udahabwa kubera ukigombwa. Niba warabonye impano kubera ibyo wakoze ntiyari kuba impano – byaba umushahara! Muri ubwo buryo, udashobora guhabwa cyangwa kubona igitambo cya Yesu. Ni Impanoe wahawe. Nguko uko byoroshye gusobanurwa.

Ese impano niyihe? Ni ‘ ubuzima butagira iherezo ’. Ibyo bivuze ko icyaha cyatuzniwe wowe nanjye, urupfu ubu ruhagaritswe. Ikiraro cya Yesu cy’ubuzima kidushoboza kongera guhuzwa n’Imana no kwakira ubuzima – bumara ubuziraherezo. Imana iradukunda cyane wowe nanjye. Nguko uko bifite imbaraga.

None se wowe na njye ‘twakambuka ’ iki kiraro cyubuzima? Na none, tekereza ku mpano. Niba umuntu ashaka kuguha impano ugomba ‘ kwakira ’. Igihe icyo aricyo cyose impano itanzwe hari buryo bubiri. Kwanga impano ( “ Oya urakoze ” ) cyangwa kuyakira ( “ Urakoze kubw’impano yawe. Ndayifata ” ). Iyi mpano rero yatanzwe igomba kwakirwa. Ntishobora kwizerwa gusa mu mutwe, kwigwaho cyangwa kumvikana. Ibi byerekanwe mu mashusho akurikira aho twe ‘ twagendeye ’ ku Kiraro duhindukirira Imana kandi twakira impano ye yaduhaye.

Igitambo cya Yesu nimpano buri wese muri twe agomba guhitamo kwakira

None twakira dute iyi mpano? Bibiliya ivuga ko

Umuntu wese uhamagara izina rya Nyagasani azakizwa
Abaroma 10:12

Menya ko iri sezerano ari kuri ‘ buri muntu wese ’. Kubera ko yazutse mu bapfuye, Yesu ni muzima kugeza none kandi ni ‘ Umwami ’. Niba rero umuhamagaye azakumva aguhe impano ye. Uramuhamagara ukamubaza – mu kugirana ikiganiro nawe. Birashoboka ko utigeze ubikora. Hano munsi hari isengesho rishobora kukuyobora. Ntabwo ari ubupfumu. Ntabwo ari amagambo yihariye atanga imbaraga. Ni ibyiringiro nk’ibyo Aburahamu yari afite ko tumushyiraho kugirango aduhe iyi mpano. Mugihe tumwizeye Azatwumva kandi adusubize. Ivanjili irakomeye, nyamara kandi iroroshye cyane. Wakurikira iri sengesho niba ubona ryagufasha.

Nyabuneka Mwami Yesu. Ndumva ko hamwe n’ibyaha byanjye natandukanijwe n’Imana. Nubwo nshobora kugerageza cyane, nta mbaraga n’igitambo kuruhande rwanjye bizahagarika gutandukana nawe. Ariko ndumva ko urupfu rwawe rwabaye igitambo cyo koza ibyaha byanjye byose. Nizera ko wazutse mu bapfuye nyuma y’igitambo cyawe kugirango menye ko igitambo cyawe cyari gihagije. Ndagusaba ngo unkureho ibyaha byanjye umpuze n’Imana kugirango nshobore kugira ubuzima bw’iteka. Sinshaka kubaho ubuzima bw’ubuacakara ku bwicyaha rero nyamuneka mwana mu cyaha. Urakoze, Mwami Yesu, kuba wankoreye ibi byose kandi ukaba ukomeza kunyobora mubuzima bwanjye kugirango ngukurikire nk’Umwami wanjye.
Amina!