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Amateka y’Abayahudi ni ayahe?

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Abayahudi ni bamwe mu bantu ba kera cyane ku isi. Amateka yabo yanditswe muri Bibiliya, n’abanditsi b’amateka bo hanze ya Bibiliya, no mu bucukumbuzi. Dufite ibimenyetso byinshi bijyanye n’amateka yabo kuruta ay’ibindi bihugu byose. Turaza gukoresha aya makuru kugirango tuvuge muri make amateka yabo.  Kugirango amateka ya Isiraheli ( ijambo ryo mu Isezerano rya Kera ku bayahudi ) abashe koroha gusonanuka, turakoresha ingengabihe.

Aburahamu: Itangiriro ry’igisekuru cy’umuryango w’abayahudi

Ingengabihe itangirana na Aburahamu. Yahawe isezerano ryo kuzaba inkomoko y’amahanga bivuye kuri we kandi yagiye ahura n’Imana birangira igihe yatanze igitambo cy’umuhungu we Isaka.  Iki gitambo cyari ikimenyetso cyerekana Yesu mu kwerekana ahazaza ko Yesu yari kuzatangwaho igitambo. Ingengabihe irakomeza ahari icyatsi ku ikarita mugihe abakomoka kuri Isaka bari abacakara muri Egiputa. Iki gihe cyatangiye igihe Yosefu, umwuzukuru wa Isaka, yayoboraga Abisiraheli mu Misiri, nyuma baza kuba abacakara.

Mose: Abisiraheli bahinduka Igihugu munsi y’Imana

Mose yavanye Abisiraheli mu Misiri mugihe cy’ Icyorezo cya Pasika, cyashenye Misiri kandi cyatumye Abisiraheli bava mu Misiri bajya mu gihugu cya Isiraheli. Mbere yuko apfa, Mose yatangaje imigisha n’umivumo kuri Isiraheli (igihe ingengabihe iva ku cyatsi ikagera ku muhondo).  Bari kuzahirwa igihe bari kumvira Imana, ariko bagahura n’imivumo igihe batabikoze.  Uyi migisha n’umivumo yagombaga gukurikira abayahudi ubuziraherezo.

Mu myaka magana Abisiraheli babaga mu gihugu cyabo ariko ntibari bafite Umwami, nta nubwo bari bafite umurwa mukuru wa Yeruzalemu – wari uw’abandi bantu muri icyo gihe. Ariko, ku gihe cy’Umwami Dawidi ahagana mu 1000 mbere ya Yesu ibi byarahindutse.

Dawidi ashyiraho Ingoma ya cyami i Yeruzalemu

Dawidi yigaruriye Yeruzalemu ayigira umurwa mukuru we. Yakiriye amasezerano ya Kristo ‘wari kuzaza kandi kuva icyo gihe ku Bayahudi bategereje ko ‘Kristo’ azaza. Umuhungu we Salomo yaramusimbuye maze Salomo yubaka urusengero rwa mbere rw’Abayahudi i Yeruzalemu. Abakomoka ku Mwami Dawidi bakomeje gutegeka imyaka igera kuri 400 kandi iki gihe cyerekanwe mu ubururu ( 1000 – 600 mbere ya Yesu ).  Iki cyari igihe cy’icyubahiro cya Isiraheli – bari bafite umigisha basezeranijwe.  Bari igihugu gikomeye, gifite sosiyete yateye imbere, umuco, n’urusengero rwabo. Ariko Isezerano rya Kera risobanura kandi ko gucumura kwabo kwagendaga kwiyongera no gusenga ibigirwamana muri icyo gihe.  Abahanuzi benshi muri icyo gihe baburiye Abisiraheli ko umuvumo wa Mose wari kuza kuri bo niba badahindutse. Ariko ubu buhanuzi bwarirengagijwe.

Ubuhungiro bwa mbere bw’Abayahudi i Babiloni

Mu maherezo ahagana mu mwaka wa 600 mbere ya Yesu umuvumo warabaye. Nebukadinezari, Umwami ukomeye wa Babiloni yaraje – nkuko Mose yari yarahanuye imyaka 900 mbere yuko yandika mu muvumo we:

Uwiteka azakuzanira igihugu kiva kure … igihugu gikaze – gifite igitinyiro kandi kitubaha abakera cyangwa ngo kigire impuhwe ku bakiri bato. … Bazagota imijyi yose mu gihugu cyose.

Gutegeka kwa kabiri 28: 49 – 52

Nebukadinezari yigaruriye Yeruzalemu, arayitwika, asenya urusengero Salomo yubatse. Nyuma yaje kujyana Abisiraheli mu bunyago i Babiloni. Gusa Abisiraheli bakennye nibo bagumye inyuma. Ibi byasohoje ibyahanuwe na Mose 

Gutegeka kwa kabiri 28: 63b – 64a

Mu myaka 70 rero, igihe cyerekanwe gitukura, Abisiraheli bari mu bunyago hanze y’ubutaka basezeranijwe Aburahamu n’abamukomokaho.

Kuva mu buhungiro ku ngoma y’Abaperesi

Nyuma yibyo, Umwami w’abami w’Abaperesi Silasi yigaruriye Babiloni maze aba umuntu ukomeye ku isi. Yemereye Abisiraheli gusubira mu gihugu cyabo.

Kuba mu Gihugu kimwe cy’Ingoma y’Ubuperesi

Icyakora, ntibari bakiri igihugu cyigenga, muri icyo gihe bari intara mu Bwami bw’Ubuperesi.  Ibi byakomeje imyaka 200 kandi biri mu ibara ryijimye mungenga bihe. Muri kiriya gihe urusengero rw’Abayahudi ( ruzwi ku izina rya Temple ya kabiri ) n’umujyi wa Yeruzalemu byongeye kubakwa.

Igihe cy’Abagereki

Hanyuma Alegizandere mukuru yigaruriye Ingoma y’Ubuperesi maze agira Isiraheli intara yo mu Bwami bw’Ubugereki indi myaka 200. Ibi byerekanwe mu bururu bwijimye.

Igihe cy’Abaroma

Hanyuma Abaroma batsinze Ingoma z’Ubugereki bahinduka ibihangange ku isi. Abisiraheli bongeye kuba intara muri ubu Bwami ibi byerekanwa mu muhondo werurutse. Iki nicyo gihe Yesu yabayeho.  Ibi bisobanura impamvu mu mavanjiri hagaragaramo abasirikare b’Abaroma – kubera ko Abanyaroma bategekaga Abayahudi mu Gihugu cya Isiraheli mu gihe cy’ubuzima bwa Yesu.

Abayahudi bajya mu buhungiro bwa kabiri ku ngoma y’Abaroma

Kuva mu gihe cy’Abanyababuloni ( 600 mbere ya Yesu ) Abisiraheli ( cyangwa Abayahudi nk’uko bitwa ubu ) ntibigengaga kuko bari bari mu bwami bwa Dawidi. Bategekwaga n’abandi Bami.  Abayahudi barabyijujutiye kandi bigometse ku butegetsi bw’Abaroma. Abanyaroma baraza basenya Yeruzalemu ( 70 nyuma ya Yesu ), batwika urusengero rwa 2, maze batwara Abayahudi mu bucakara mu bwami bw’Abaroma. Uku kwari gutwarwa mu bunyago kwa kabiri kw’Abayahudi. Kubera ko Roma yari nini cyane Abayahudi batatanye ku isi yose.

Kandi ubwo nibwo buryo Abayahudi babayeho hafi imyaka 2000: batatanye mubihugu by’amahanga kandi ntibigeze bemerwa muri ibi bihugu. Muri ibi bihugu bitandukanye bahoraga batotezwa cyane.  Uku gutoteza Abayahudi byari byiganje cyane mu burayi bwa gikristo.  Kuva muri Esipanye, mu Burayi bw’Uburengerazuba, mu Burusiya Abayahudi babayeho kenshi mu bihe bibi muri ubwo bwami bwa gikristo. Umuvumo wa Mose wagarutse mu 1500 mbere ya Yesu wari ibisobanuro nyabyo by’ukuntu babayeho.

 65Kandi muri ayo mahanga nta mahoro uzabona, ntuzabona aho uruhurira ibirenge byawe. Ariko Uwiteka azaguherayo umutima uhinda umushyitsi, n’amaso aremba n’umutima wonze.

Gutegeka 28: 65

Imivumo ku bisiraheli bayitejwe kugirango abantu bibaze:

Gutegeka kwa kabiri 29:24

Kandi igisubizo cyari:

 28Ibihishwe ni iby’Uwiteka Imana yacu, ariko ibyahishuwe ni ibyacu n’urubyaro rwacu iteka, kugira ngo twumvire amagambo yose y’aya mategeko

Gutegeka 29:28

Igihe gikurikira cyerekana iki gihe cyimyaka 1900. Iki gihe cyerekanwe mumurongo muremure utukura.

Ushobora kubona ko mu mateka y’abayahudi banyuze mubihe bibiri by’ubuhungiro ariko ubuhungiro bwa kabiri bwari burebure kuruta ubuhunzi bwa mbere.

Itsembabwoko ryo mu kinyejana cya 20

Noneho itotezwa ryibasiye Abayahudi byageze ku rwego rwo hejuru ku gihe cya Hitler, abinyujije mu Budage bw’Abanazi, yagerageje gutsemba Abayahudi bose baba mu Burayi. Yari hafi gutsinda ariko yaje gutsindwa kandi abasigaye mu Bayahudi bararokoka.

Ukuvuka gushya kwa Isiraheli ya none

Gusa kuba hari abantu bigaragaje ko ari ‘Abayahudi’ nyuma y’imyaka myinshi amagana badafite igihugu kidasanzwe. Ariko ibi byatumye amagambo ya nyuma ya Mose, yanditswe hashize imyaka 3500, aba impamo.  Mu 1948, Abayahudi, binyuze mu Muryango w’abibumbye, babonye kuvuka gushya kudasanzwe kwa leta ya Isiraheli ya none, nkuko Mose yari yaranditse ibinyejana byinshi mbere:

 3Uwiteka Imana yawe izagarura abawe bajyanywe ari imbohe, ikubabarire, isubire guteranya abawe ibakuye mu mahanga yose Uwiteka Imana yawe izaba yarabatatanirijemo. 4Niba abirukanywe bawe bazaba ku mpera y’isi, ni ho Uwiteka Imana yanyu izabakura ngo ibateranye, ni ho izabatarura.

Gutegeka kwa kabiri30: 3 – 4

Byari bitangaje kandi kuva iyi leta yubatswe nubwo hari abatayemeraga. Byinshi mu bihugu biyikikije byateguye intambara yo kurwanya Isiraheli mu 1948 … mu 1956 … mu 1967 na mu 1973. Isiraheli, igihugu gito cyane, akenshi cyarwanaga n’ibihugu bitanu icyarimwe. Nyamara ntabwo Isiraheli yarokotse gusa, ahubwo uturere twayo twariyongereye. Mu ntambara yo mu 1967, Abayahudi bongeye kwigarurira Yeruzalemu, umurwa mukuru wabo w’amateka Dawidi yari yarashinze mu myaka 3000 ishize.  Ingaruka zo gushyiraho leta ya Isiraheli, n’ingaruka zatewe n’izi ntambara byateje kimwe mu bibazo bya politiki bitoroshye ku isi yacu muri iki gihe.

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